 |
Acknowledgements
Map: reproduced from p. 134 of On The Fields Of Glory. Andrew Uffindell and
Michael Corum. Greenhill Books –
London - 1996. With kind permission
of Lionel Leventhal - see the web-site
www.greenhillbooks.com.
Images of Baring, Kielmansegge, Ompteda and
Kruse: with grateful thanks to Michael
Tänzer
(http://www.necasperaterrent.de) and
Geert van Uythoven
(http://home.wanadoo.nl/g.vanuythove
n/home.htm).
Sources
Belle-Alliance - Belle-Alliance (Verbündetes
Heer). J. v. Pflugk-Harttung. R.
Eisenschmidt - Berlin - 1915.
Boulger - The Belgians at Waterloo. D.C.
Boulger. Ken Trotman Ltd – Cambridge
- 2003 (reprint of 1901 original).
BL Add. MS - Waterloo: Original Accounts:
The Captain Siborne Collection and
related materials from the British
Library, London. Adam Matthews
Publications – Marlborough, U.K. -2001.
Citations end in volume / folio
number.
Crisis - The Crisis and Close of the Action
at Waterloo. Major G. Gawler. United
Service Journal, July 1833, pp. 299-310.
De Bas & Wommersom - La Campagne de
1815 aux Pays Bas… F. De Bas and
Comte J. de T’Serclaes de
Wommersom. Dewit - Brussels – 1908-1909.
History - History of the Waterloo Campaign.
Captain W. Siborne. Greenhill Books –
London - 1990.
Letters - Waterloo Letters. Ed. Major-General
H.T. Siborne. Greenhill Books
– London - 1993.
Letters II - Letters from the Battle of
Waterloo. Gareth Glover. Greenhill
Books – London - 2004.
Macready - On A Part of Captain Siborne’s
History of the Waterloo Campaign.
Major E. Macready. United Service
Magazine, March 1845, pp. 388-404.
Notes - Notes on the Battle of Waterloo.
General Sir James Shaw Kennedy.
Spellmount Ltd – Staplehurst U.K. -2003.
Papelotte - La Papelotte. (Waterloo 1815 –
Les Carnets de la Campagne no. 4).
B. Coppens and P. Courcelle. Editions
de la Belle Alliance – Bruxelles – 2000.
Reply - Reply to Major Gawler on his “Crisis
of Waterloo”. Lieutenant-General Sir
Hussey Vivian. United Service Journal,
July 1833, pp. 310-322.
Taylor - Letters of Captain Thomas William
Taylor of the 10th Hussars During the
Waterloo Campaign. Ken Trotman Ltd
- Cambridge U.K. – 2003.
Vivian - Richard Hussey Vivian: First Baron
Vivian - A Memoir. C. Vivian. Ken
Trotman Ltd – Cambridge U.K. - 2003.
WSD - Supplementary Despatches,
Correspondence and Memoranda of
Field Marshal Arthur Duke of
Wellington. Vol. X. Ed. The 2nd Duke
of Wellington. Kraus – Millwood, New
York – 1973
Notes
[1] Letter dated 19th June 1815, in Taylor, p. 18.
[2] Nothing will be said in detail about
Siborne’s version of the attack of the
French Imperial Guard, which has been
challenged, nor about the physical and
psychological impact upon the battle of
Prussian operations on Wellington’s left
wing and against the French right wing,
nor about the controversy surrounding
the operations of Chasse’s 3rd
Netherlands Infantry Division at this
time (some of which will be discussed
in the next part).
[3] Letters II, Appendix A, no. 7.
[4] BL Add. MS: 34705-289 - report for
Hanover and the K.G.L. by Major
Jacobi, dated 26th June 1835; 34706-23
- report for Brunswick by Lieutenant-General
von Herzberg; and 34703-11
(out of date-order – written 1836) -report
for Nassau by General von Kruse.
[5] Letters II, no. 63.
[6] Letters II, no. 61.
[7] BL Add. MS 34708-379, letter from
Siborne to Major Pratt, 30th Foot, dated
6th April 1835.
[8] History, pp. 256-257; Belle-Alliance, no. 19.
[9] History, pp. 294-295.
[10] Belle-Alliance, nos. 71 (the regimental
journal for 1815) and 72 (Kruse’s report
written on the 21st June 1815) deal
exclusively with the 1st Nassau
Regiment. Siborne, who relied upon the
later 1836 report by Kruse on the whole
Nassau contingent, wrote to Shaw, who
had been AQMG to Alten’s Division in
1815: “…General Baron von Kruse
states that the 1st Regiment of Nassau
which constituted his Brigade had its 1st
Battn. in the first line, and its 2nd and
3rd Battns. in the second line – that the
1st Battn. had English (?) and
Hanoverians on its left, and English on
its right…”. (BL Add. MS 34706-68,
dated 3rd April 1836). Shaw replied to
Siborne: “…The Nassau troops were
formed…one Battalion in the Second
Line of the 3rd Division, and three other
Battalions (that is three other columns
of them) in Third Line in Reserve. They
were not in the first & second line as
you have been informed; - I formed them
myself…” (BL Add. MS 34706-82,
dated 26th April 1836).
[11] History pp. 303-304.
[12] History, p. 304.
[13] History, pp. 308-309.
[14] History, pp. 310-311.
[15] History, p. 309, p. 314, pp. 328-329, p.
337. According to Durutte’s account
(extracts published in “Sentinelle de
l’Armée” in 1838 are reproduced in
Papelotte, pp. 44-46) Pegot’s Brigade
of Durutte’s Division was sent to
support the French left, and another
regiment towards the Brussels road: its
engagement against Alten’s Division is
asserted repeatedly by De Bas and
Wommersom II.
[16] History, p. 315.
[17] Notes, p. 124.
[18] Letters II, no. 164.
[19] Letters II, no. 163 (narrative).
[20] History, p. 326, p. 337.
[21] History, pp. 330-331.
[22] History, p. 329, and previous parts of
this series.
[23] Letters, no. 76.
[24] Description of the Model of the Battle
of Waterloo. Museum of the Royal
United Service Institution. 1896. (In
draft - BL Add. MS 34704-155).
[25] Letters, no. 99; also nos. 98 and 100,
and Letters II no. 89.
[26] Belle-Alliance, no. 19.
[27] Belle-Alliance, no. 63; also in no. 29,
Oberst-Lieutenant Hartmann, in
command of the K.G.L. and Hanoverian
artillery, who was sent back to Mont St.
Jean in order to send forwards any guns
restored to serviceable condition, said
that Cleeves, with a few guns, returned
to the front line, but he did not know
where they ended up.
[28] Letters, nos. 91 and 92; Letters II, no.
81.
[29] Two more R.A. batteries which had
assisted the 3rd Division during the day
– those of Rogers and Sinclair – were
moved further to the right before the
final French attacks: for Rogers see
Letters, nos. 101, 102 and 103, and
Letters II, no. 86; for Sinclair see Letters,
no. 104 and Letters II, no. 85.
[30] Macready, pp. 398-399.
[31] See e.g. Belle-Alliance, nos. 19, 71, 72
and 73.
[32] Unless specifically cited, reports and
accounts consulted are too many to list:
see principally Letters, Letters II, De
Bas & Wommersom and Belle-Alliance.
[33] Letters, no. 72; echoed by Siborne in
History, p. 327.
[34] History, p. 304.
[35] Letters, no. 18.
[36] Letters, no. 41.
[37] Letters, nos. 35 and 36.
[38] Letters II, no. 68 and Belle-Alliance, no.
60. This skirmish fire by French cavalry
is also recalled by the infantry, e.g.
Kielmansegge’s Brigade, in Belle-Alliance
no. 19.
[39] Trip’s undated report - De Bas and
Wommersom III, pp. 402-407 (Dutch
and French) and Boulger, pp. 65-66
(English); Ghigny’s undated report - De
Bas & Wommersom III, pp. 416-417
(Dutch and French) and Boulger, pp.
66-67 (English).
[40] Belle-Alliance, nos. 71 (the regimental
journal for 1815).
[41] See (from the regiment) Letters, no. 48
and 49, but also nos. 12 and 18.
[42] Letters, no. 64.
[43] See e.g. Belle-Alliance, nos. 21
(Kielmansegge) and 72 (Kruse).
[44] History, p. 331.
[45] Belle-Alliance, no. 30.
[46] History, pp. 332-334.
[47] History, p. 330.
[48] Notes, pp. 126-128.
[49] Letters, no. 139.
[50] Available online at www.napoleonicliterature.com/WE/SpanishAccount.html.
[51] Belle-Alliance nos. 19, 21, 40 and 41.
[52] Belle-Alliance, nos. 19, 25, 26 and 44.
[53] History, p. 334.
[54] Reply, pp. 312-313.
[55] Letters II, no. 71.
[56] See accounts from the brigades in Letters and Letters II, also Letters, no. 7.
[57] Letters II, no. 68 and Belle-Alliance no. 60.
[58] See note 39.
[59] Belle-Alliance no. 19.
[60] Belle-Alliance, no. 56.
[61] Letters, no. 76.
[62] BL Add. MS 34704-205, dated January
1835.
[63] Letters, no. 70.
[64] Letters, no. 76.
[65] A reference to Crisis.
[66] Letters II, no. 63.
[67] Letters II, no. 57.
[68] Letters II, no. 62.
[69] From pp. 57-58 of The Waterloo Diary
of Lieutenant William Bates Ingilby,
R.H.A. Ed. General Sir James Marshal-Cornwall.
Published in Vol. XX of the
Proceedings of the Royal Artillery
Institution, 1893; republished in the
Royal Artillery Journal, 1981; and
available online at
www.napoleonicliterature.com/RA_Journal/IngilbyDiary.pdf. The short and matter-of-fact
accounts by Gardiner’s men of
events on the centre-right will be
mentioned in the next part.
[70] Reply, p. 313.
[71] Letters II, no. 63.
[72] Letters, no. 7.
[73] Notes, p. 149.
[74] Letters, no. 70.
[75] Letter quoted in Vivian, p. 303; see also
Reply, p. 312; Letters, no. 72.
[76] BL Add. MS 34706-118, dated 31st July
1836.
[77] History, pp. 335-336.
[78] Reply, pp. 313-314.
[79] BL Add. MS 34706-118, dated 31st July
1836.
[80] BL Add. MS 34706-125, dated 5th
August 1836.
[81] BL Add. MS 34706-19, dated 9th
February 1836; also Letters, no. 76 and
Letters II, nos. 63 and 64.
[82] Letters II, no. 62.
[83] BL Add. MS 34703-104, dated 12th
January 1830.
[84] Letters II, no. 50.
[85] BL Add. MS 34703-104, dated 12th
January 1830.
[86] Letters, no. 75.
[87] Letters II, no. 52.
[88] Belle-Alliance, nos. 71 (the regimental
journal for 1815) and 72 (Kruse’s report
written on the 21st June 1815).
[89] Notes, p. 129 and p. 149.
[90] Belle-Alliance, no. 30.
[91] Reply, p. 313.
[92] In the 1st edition of History, published
in 1844, Siborne attributed the defeat of
the Imperial Guard to Maitland’s and
Adam’s Brigades. Major Edward
Macready (an ensign in the 30th Foot
in Halkett’s Brigade in 1815) disputed
this (in Macready), and Siborne revised
History for its 3rd edition to include
Halkett’s Brigade in the achievement.
[93] Description of the Model of the Battle
of Waterloo. Museum of the Royal
United Service Institution. 1896. (In
draft - BL Add. MS 34704-159).
[94] See WSD and Belle-Alliance for the
reports of Alten and Kielmansegge in
June and July 1815.
[95] BL Add MS 34706-68, dated 3rd April
1836.
[96] BL Add MS 34706-82, dated 26th April
1836. Likewise, in lobbying Siborne on
behalf of Halkett’s Brigade, Macready
had not championed other corps:
“…having now established, so much of
my case as the heretofore overlooked
co-operation of Halkett’s brigade, I
willingly leave Brunswickers and
Belgians to their legitimate
defenders...”, but he asserted that
“…Donzelot’s columns were not nearer
to Halkett’s brigade than the ground in
front of Kruse’s Nassauers…” (The
Waterloo Campaign – Major
Macready in Reply to Captain
Siborne. United Service Magazine, June
1845, p. 256 and p. 258); and while
confirming that the Brunswickers were
on the left of Halkett’s Brigade at the
time the Imperial Guard attacked (and
Halkett’s Brigade withdrew in
confusion), Macready stated: “…But I
do not think that these Brunswickers
were engaged with the Guard. I saw no
troops of the Guard to the French right
of that column which advanced on us
(30th and 73rd)…” (Letters, no. 139).
Another former officer writing about
Waterloo was more generous: Major
George Gawler, who had been a
lieutenant in the 52nd Foot in 1815,
wrote that: “The infantry actually
engaged at "the crisis" with the great
assailing columns, stood, beginning
from the right, 52nd, 2nd batt. 95th, 2nd
and 3rd batts. 1st Guards, the glorious
handful of the remains of Halket's
brigade {30th, 33rd, 69th and 73rd
regts.), perhaps a brigade of
Brunswickers; and to the left of all, in
front of Sir Hussey Vivian's brigade,
three or four squares of Nassaumen, now
and then driven back to the heads of his
horses…” (The Crisis of Waterloo –
Remarks by Lieut.-Colonel Gawler.
United Service Journal, July 1836, p.
357 – part of the debate which ollowed
publication of Crisis).
[97] History, p. 336.
[98] BL Add. MS 34706-118, dated 31st July
1836.
[99] Letters, no. 70.
Left Wing History (5) Vivian’s 6th (Light) Cavalry Brigade on the 18th June 1815
Left Wing History (4) Vivian’s 6th (Light) Cavalry Brigade on the 18th June 1815
Left Wing History (3) Vivian’s 6th (Light) Cavalry Brigade on the 18th June 1815
Left Wing History (2) Prussian I Corps
Left Wing History (1) Waterloo 1815: Vivian's 6th Cavalry Brigade
Back to Table of Contents -- First Empire # 80
Back to First Empire List of Issues
Back to MagWeb Master Magazine List
© Copyright 2005 by First Empire.
This article appears in MagWeb.com (Magazine Web) on the Internet World Wide Web. Other articles from military history and related magazines are available at http://www.magweb.com
|
