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Notes
[1] 1PK, p. 154.
[2] 1KZ, pp. 197-198. The “Tagebuch des
Königl. Preussischen I. Armeekorps
während des Feldzugs von 1815” was
an undated account of the operations of
Zieten’s Prussian I Corps in 1815, a
copy of which was made for the Grosse
Generalstab and kept in the
Kriegsarchive in Berlin. Pflugk-Harttung
[1KZ] believed that it was
written by Zieten himself, (the original
was at that time in the possession of
Herr Graf von Zieten of Ziegenhals in
Schlesien), and noted similarities
between its contents and some of
Reiche’s memoirs. Lettow-Vorbeck
[DZT] disputed the attribution to Zieten,
believing that it was a staff history
written shortly after the events in 1815,
to which Reiche may have had access.
Both Pflugk-Harttung and Lettow-Vorbeck
thought it was a valuable
source.
[3] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 198.
[4] Lettow-Vorbeck, pp. 398, 400.
[5] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 198; ADT, pp.
194-195.
[6] Bericht über die Kriegesbegebenheiten
des I Armee Corps von Eröffnung der
Campagne an der Sambre bis zu
Einnahme von Paris (undated): in De
Bas & Wommersom III, pp. 500-505;
and letter from Reiche to Gneisenau
dated 17th October 1815, cited in
Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 399n.
[7] Reiche, p. 208. Reiche’s account of the
1815 campaign is contained in his
memoirs, written in the years 1842-1845
and based upon notes and letters. Reiche
became a general in the Prussian army
and died in 1854. Quotations are
passages published in English in The
Hundred Days by Antony Brett-James
(Macmillan, London – 1964), with silent
amendments, and additional translated
passages.
[8] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p.198.
[9] Aus dem Leben des
Generalfeldmarschalls Grafen von
Zieten: an unpublished manuscript by
Zieten, quoted in Hafner, pp. 327-328.
[10] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 199; Reiche p.209.
[11] ADT, p. 195.
[12] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 197; Damitz, p. 215.
[13] Damitz, p. 219.
[14] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 197.
[15] Damitz, p. 220.
[16] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 199; and 1KZ, p. 205.
[17] Lettow-Vorbeck, p. 399.
[18] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 199.
[19] 1KZ, p. 205, pp. 208-209.
[20] 1PK, pp. 149-150.
[21] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 198.
[22] Hofmann, p. 119n.
[23] Reiche, pp. 208-209.
[24] Von Wavre, pp. 619-622.
[25] 1KZ, p. 206.
[26] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 199.
[27]
[2] Zieten’s official report: see note 6.
[28] 1KZ, p. 205. It is difficult to be specific
about distances, because the exact route used by I Corps is unclear, and roads
have changed and in cases disappeared since 1815: according to modern route
planner software the shortest distance route from Bierges to just north of Ohain
via Genval is about 10-11 km.
[29] 1PK, pp. 145-147.
[30] 1PK, p. 154.
[31] 1PK, p. 148, p. 149.
[32] 1PK, p. 148.
[33] 1KZ, pp. 206-207, p. 209.
[34] 1PK, p. 154; also Damitz, p. 306.
[35] There are three “accounts” of the 1815
campaign by Müffling:
· a history of the campaign: Geschichte
des Feldzugs…im Jahre 1815 (Stuttgart
and Tübingen - 1816), published in
English as History of the Campaign of
1815… (London –1816). This article
uses a 1970 reprint, Müffling – History.
· a letter to Hofmann, the author of a
campaign history. This article refers to
Hofmann’s work as Hofmann; and to
Müffling’s letter (Hofmann, pp. 137-
139) as Müffling – Hofmann: and
translations are by GC.
· his memoirs Aus meinem Leben (Berlin
– 1851, the year of his death), published
in English as Passages from My Life…
(London – 1853). This article uses a
1997 reprint, Müffling – Memoirs.
In my article in FE 76 (May-June 2004)
wrongly said in notes 47, 82 and 85 that
a copy of the Blücher / Gneisenau
Report appears in Müffling – Memoirs:
actually it appears in Müffling – History.
[36] Reiche, pp. 210-212 – as also the other
quotations from Reiche in this section.
[37] The sources for this sketch are too
numerous to list, but unless a specific
reference is given it is based largely
upon History, Damitz and Chalfont .
[38] Letters, no. 82.
[39] Belle-Alliance: there are too many to
list, but see e.g.: no. 24 (Best), no. 66
(Rettberg), no. 119 (Perponcher / van
Nijevelt).
[40] Müffling – History, p. 25, p. 28.
[41] History, p. 327.
[42] Letters, no. 72.
[43] Müffling – History, p. 32.
[44] Letters, no. 11.
[45] History, p. 329.
[46] Letters II, Appendix A, Letter 17; see also 1KZ, pp. 207-208.
[47] Chalfont, p. 137.
[48] Damitz p. 256.
[49] Damitz p. 296-298; History p. 322.
[50] Damitz, p. 296.
[51] Bericht von General Major von Pirch I.
II Armeekorps (undated): in De Bas &
Wommersom III, pp. 506-517; also
Damitz, p. 296, p. 300, p. 301, p. 302.
[52] BL Add. MS 34706-209.
[53] Hofmann, p. 121; Von Wavre, pp.
156-157.
[54] History, p. 318, p. 320, p. 353.
[55] Müffling - Hofmann, pp. 138-139.
[56] Reiche, p. 212 – as also the other
quotations from Reiche in this section.
[57] Müffling – History, p. 33; also Müffling
– Memoirs, p. 248.
[58] Müffling - Hofmann, p. 139.
[59] Reiche, pp. 212-213.
[60] Müffling – History, p. 33.
[61] Müffling – Memoirs, p. 248.
[62] Müffling - Hofmann, p. 139.
[63] 1PK, p. 151.
[64] Müffling – History, p. 33.
[65] Müffling - Memoirs, pp. 248-249.
[66] Müffling - Hofmann, p. 139.
[67] Ollech, p. 244.
[68] Müffling - Hofmann, p. 139; 1PK, p. 153.
[69] See note 9.
[70] Hofmann, pp. 119n-120n.
[71] Müffling - Hofmann, p. 139.
[72] 1PK, p. 152. pp. 226-228.
[73] 1PK, p. 153.
[74] Uffindell & Corum, p. 232.
[75] 1PK, p. 153.
[76] Nostitz , p. 43.
[77] Reiche, pp. 213-214.
[78] Tagebuch, in 1KZ, p. 199-200.
[79] 1PK, p. 148.
[80] 1PK: this article is a detailed
reconstruction of the actions of I Corps,
based upon the available unit and staff
reports. The figures for the losses of I
Corps are taken from Zieten’s official
report (see note 6) and History, p. 577.
[81] Extracts from Durutte’s account, published
in “Sentinelle de l’Armée” in 1838, are
reproduced in Papelotte , pp. 44-46.
[82] Belle-Alliance, Report no. 77.
[83] Starklof, pp. 150-158 describes the
episode.
[84] Hofmann, p. 121.
[85] 1PK, p. 158 and p. 162.
[86] The identity of the departing Nassau
guns described by Reiche is a mystery,
since the Nassauers had none. Perhaps
this was the Netherlands half-battery,
under Winssinger, simply re-deploying,
because Rettberg (of the nearby
Hanoverian foot battery) recalls that at
around 7 p.m. a “Belgian battery”
deployed to the left of his position: see
Belle-Alliance, Report no. 66.
[87] Belle-Alliance, Report no. 86 is the letter
of protest from officers of the 2nd
Nassau Regiment.
[88] Tagebuch, in 1KZ pp. 199-200; 1PK,
pp. 215-226.
[89] Reiche, pp. 214-215.
[90] Letter from Zieten to the King of
Prussia, dated 10th July 1816, cited in
DZT, p. 439.
[91] Nostitz, p. 43.
[92] Letters, no. 11.
[93] Reiche, p. 215.
[94] See e.g.: Letters, no. 82 (Ingilby) and no.
89 (Mercer); also Bülow’s report in De
Bas III, p. 518-541 - notes made thereto
by Constant Rebeque, pp. 536-537.
[95] Damitz, p. 308.
Sources
1KZ Das I. Korps Zieten bei Belle-Alliance und Wavre. J. v. Pflugk-Harttung.
Jahrbücher für die deutsche Armee und
Marine. Berlin – 1903: no. 377, pp. 196-209.
1PK Das I. preussische Korps bei Belle Alliance. J. v. Pflugk-Harttung.
Jahrbücher für die deutsche Armee und
Marine. Berlin - 1905: no. 407, pp.
143-168; no. 408, pp. 209-239.
ADT Aus den Tagen des 17. und 18. Juni 1815. J. v. Pflugk-Harttung. Historische
Vierteljahrschrift. Leipzig – 1905: no.
8, pp. 181-200.
Belle-Alliance Belle-Alliance (Verbündetes Heer). J. v. Pflugk-Harttung. R. Eisenschmidt – Berlin - 1915.
Accounts: The Captain Siborne
Collection and related materials from the
British Library, London. Adam Matthews
Publications – Marlborough UK – 2001.
Citations end in volume / folio number.
Chalfont Waterloo: Battle of Three Armies.
Seymour, Kaulbach, Champagne: ed.
Lord Chalfont. Sidgwick and Jackson
Ltd. - London - 1979.
Damitz Geschichte des Feldzugs von 1815
in den Niederlanden und
Frankreich… Major K. von Damitz.
Mittler - Berlin, Posen and Bromberg -
1837-1838.
DZT Das Zietensche Tagebuch für den
Feldzug von 1815. Jahrbücher für die
deutsche Armee und Marine. Berlin –
1903: pp. 436-439.
De Bas & Wommersom La Campagne
de 1815 aux Pays Bas… F. De Bas and
Comte J. de T’Serclaes de Wommersom.
Dewit – Brussels – 1908-1909.
Hafner Hans Carl Ernst Graf von Zieten,
Königlich Preussischer General
Feldmarshal. Dietrich Hafner.
Militärisches Rundschau. Leipzig - 1896.
History History of the Waterloo
Campaign. Captain W. Siborne.
Greenhill Books – London - 1990.
Hofmann Zur Geschichte des Feldzuges von
1815 bis nach der Schlacht von
Belle-Alliance. General Georg Wilhelm
von Hofmann. Mittler - Berlin – 1851
(second edition).
Letters Waterloo Letters. Ed. Major-General
H.T. Siborne. Greenhill Books –
London - 1993.
Letters II Letters from the Battle of
Waterloo. Gareth Glover. Greenhill
Books – London – 2004.
Lettow-Vorbeck Geschichte der
Befreiungskriege 1813-1815.
Napoleons Untergang 1815. Band I.
Generalmajor Lettow-Vorbeck. Mittler
- Berlin - 1904.
Müffling – History History of the Campaign
of 1815… S.R. Publishers Ltd. –
Wakefield - 1970.
Müffling – Memoirs. The Memoirs of Baron
von Müffling. Baron Carl von Müffling.
Greenhill Books – London – 1997.
Nostitz Das Tagebuch des Generals der
Kavallerie Grafen v. Nostitz. Theil II.
Kriegsgeschichtliche Einzelheiten. Ed.
Grosse Generalstabe. Mittler – Berlin – 1885.
Ollech Geschichte des Feldzuges von 1815
nach archivalischen Quellen. General
C.R. v. Ollech. Mittler –Berlin - 1876.
Papelotte La Papelotte. (Waterloo 1815 –
Les Carnets de la Campagne no. 4).
B. Coppens and P. Courcelle. Editions
de la Belle Alliance – Bruxelles – 2000.
Reiche Memoiren des königliche
preussischen Generals der Infanterie
Ludwig von Reiche. L. von Reiche, ed.
Weltzien. Brockhaus - Leipzig – 1857.
Starklof The Life of Duke Bernhard of
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. R. Starklof,
translated and edited W. and C.J.
Jeronimus. University Press of America
– Lanham, New York, London - 1996.
(Originally published as Das Leben des
Herzogs Bernhard von Sachsen-Weimar-
Eisenach. Gotha – 1866).
Uffindell & Corum On The Fields Of Glory.
Andrew Uffindell and Michael Corum.
Greenhill Books – London - 1996.
Von Wavre Von Wavre bis Belle-Alliance. J. v.
Pflugk-Harttung. Jahrbücher für die
deutsche Armee und Marine. Berlin – 1908:
pp. 413-424, pp. 500-512, pp. 613-635.
Acknowledgements
The images of Zieten and Müffling were
kindly supplied by Reinhard Montag –
whose web-site www.lexikon-deutschegenerale.de supplies biographies of all German generals.
The image of Alten was kindly provided
from the archive of Michael Tänzer – whose
website www.hannoversche-militaergeschichte.org is devoted to Hanoverian
military history and the King’s German Legion.
The map was taken from Uffindell & Corum, with kind permission of Lionel Leventhal
of Greenhill Books – see the web-site www.greenhillbooks.com.
Thanks to John Hussey, Gareth Glover,
Geert van Uythoven and Michael Tänzer
for encouragement – and to Christa for patience
(or endurance…).
Left Wing History (2) Prussian I Corps
Left Wing History (1) Waterloo 1815: Vivian's 6th Cavalry Brigade
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