Uniforms of the
States Army 1745-1748

Flags and Standards

by Peter Lenders



Dutch flags and standards for the period 1745-1748 form the most difficult item to discuss here. Some standards dating from about 1750 are known, of which may be assumed that they were in use before too, until the contrary has been proved.

FIG. H-1 shows the standard of the Gardes to Voet in 1750. A white field with in the centre the arms of Holland: a red lion on a yellow/golden shield. A light-blue scroll, decorated with gold arabesques and on it the motto "HOLLANDIA". (Some sources indicate no motto). In the corners bundles of 7 gilt arrows with a light-blue ribbon. The reverse showed a golden lion on a green field, facing right, a right tongue, holding a silver sword with a golden hilt; beneath the lion a light-blue scroll with un unknown motto and this all surrounded by a gilt laurel wreath, tied below with a red ribbon. The tassels and cords of all standards seems to have been gilt.

FIG. H-2 shows the standard of the Garde Companies OranjeFriesland and -Groningen. If this was identical with the standard of the regiments with the same name is unknown. A white field, with in the centre the Stadtholder-weapon (FIG. H-3) in natural colours, surrounded by the blue ribbon of the Order of the Garter, flanked by 2 golden lions and crowned by the royal crown, gold with red lining. Left and right 3 flags from top to bottom in the colours red, white and blue. A blue scroll bearing the motto "JE MAINTIENDRAI". In each corner a white flame; some sources speak of bursting grenades or wreaths of orange apples.

One standard is known, showing a yellow field, a white flame in each corner; in the centre an armoured arm, bursting out of a grey cloud and holding a curved sword; this all surrounded by a gilt laurel wreath, tied below by a red ribbon. The regiment it belonged to is unknown.

Cavalry standards are even harder to trace. The carabiniers seem to have carried a standard showing a silver phoenix on a white field, topped by a light-blue scroll with the motto: 'Serena morte perennis' and all around gilt arabesques.

The Massau dragoons' guidons showed a green field with a gilt dragon above a silver scroll with the motto:'Vigillo sterno tueor'. The reverse bore a gilt lion on a red shield, topped by a silver scroll with an unknown motto.

Standards for Swiss regiments seem to have followed a traditional pattern: a white cross with flames in the quarters or the flamed version without the white cross as shown in FIG. H-4. In each case the flames had the same alternate colours in every quarter:

    green, red, blue, a white corner flame, yellow, black, white for the regiment Sturler;
    yellow, black, white, black and yellow for Planta;
    red and black for Constant;
    orange, white and light-blue for the Gardes.

The colours for the other regiments I'll keep looking for. The Swiss Gardes carried a colonels-flag with the following design: a white field, in the centre a gold bundle of 7 arrows wrapped in a blue ribbon and beneath the motto "Tanta est fiducia gentis". In the upper corner near the pole a shield with the inscription R v.0. surrounded by the blue ribbon of the Garter and crowned. Another colonel's colour showed in the centre the arms of Holland, surrounded with a trophy of arms and flags, at the bottom a light-blue scroll, surmounted by an angel in natural colours and in the upper left corner the arms of the United Provinces.

The regiments of the Scots Brigade almost certainly have carried the traditional King's Colour. 2 Surviving examples of the mid-18th century show in the centre of the King's Colour the following device: 2 thistles with in the middle a rose, bound together, topped by a British crown and below a light-blue scroll with the Scottish motto 'Nemo Me Impune Lacesset'.

There also survive 3 Regimental Colours, probably produced in 1751, but perhaps they were carried also before. One of them has a red field, two have a white field. All three show the British Arms, complete with flanking unicorn and lion and surmounted by the royal crown. In the corners probably were depicted inwards pointing flames. All flags were 1 square metre.

Of the flags not depicted I only have rough sketches. If there is some interest, I'll try to make some nice drawings for a future issue.

Bibliography

J.Bosscha: 'Neerland's Heldendaden to Land", part 2 (Rotterdam 1858)
J.Ferguson: `Papers Illustrating the History of the Scots Brigade in the service of The Netherlands 1572-1782' (Edinburgh 1899)
R.B. Bakker Albach: 'De Zwitserse Regimenten in Staatsedienst 1693-1797' (published in 'Gens Nostra', Vol.XLII 1987)
H. Ringoir: 'Afstammingen en Voortzettingen der Infanterie' (The Hague 1977).
H. Ringoir: `Afstammingen en Voortzettingen der Cavalerie en Wielrijders'. (The Hague 1978).
H. Ringoir: 'Afstammingen en Voortzettingen der Artillerie' (The Hague 1979)
H. Ringoir: 'Vredesgarnizoenen van 1715 tot 1795 en tot 1940'. (The Hague 1980).
H. Ringoir: 'Afstammingen en voortzettingen der Genie en Trein' (The Hague 1980)
Ken Bunger: 'Fontenoy; the battle, the armies' The Courier, Vol.VII/No.4, 1987.
George Nafziger: 'Orders of Battle' from the `Nafziger Collection'
F .H. Skrine: 'Fontenoy and Great Britain's share in the War of Austrian Succession 1741-1748'. (1906)
H.C.B. Rogers: `The British Army of the 18th. century'. (1977)
H. Hardenberg: 'Overzigt der voornaamste bepalingen betreffende de sterkte, zamenstelling, betaling, verzorging en verpleging van het Nederlandsche leger, sedert 1713, hoofdzakelijk op voet van vrede' (The Hague 1858)
L.J. Morreau: 'Bolwerk der Nederlanden' (Assen 1979) sterreichisch Militfirr Zeitschrift (1835)
F .G. de Wilde: 'De uniformen van het leger van de Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden' (appeared as a series in the Dutch magazine `De Tinnen Tafelronde')
Hooyinck van Papendrecht: several drawings from his sketch books, which were never realeased, but are at the Dutch Army Museum at Delft.
PER Mascheck: `Geschiedenis van het korps Nederlandsche mineurs en sappeurs' (1853).
W.Hirzel:'Tanta est fiducia gentis / Les Regiments Suisses au service des Pays-Bas' (1972)
'Osterreichischer Erbefolgekrieg 1740-1748'; K.und K. Kriegsarchiv; (1990-1914; 8 volumes)

Thanks to my wargame friend Jan Bruinen for his help with tracing and interpreting several sources.

Uniforms of the States Army 1745-1748


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© Copyright 1995 by James E. Purky
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