Journal of Horace St. Paul
1757: The Advance to Nismes

June 30, 1757

Translated and Edited With Additional Materials By Neil Cogswell


The beat of drum aroused the army at half past two in the morning. At half past three, it marched in four columns in the following order:

Order of March from Kolodieg to Czelakowitz

    The 1st Column, comprising the cavalry of the Right Wing, defiled to its right and followed the track passing through the villages of Schestagowitz, Horsau, Wiskowitz and Kosowetz and far as the neighborhood of Mochow.

    The 2nd Column, composed of the infantry of the Right Wing, also marched to its right and passed near the castle of Girnaw and through Gross Heuwischt and Nachowitz to take its camp.

    The Infantry of the Left Wing, forming the 3rd Column, marched by its left taking the road through Ober-Poczernitz, Krathaus, Maierhoff and Mstietitz (also called Müstich)

    The 4th Column, formed of the rest of the cavalry, marched to its left towards the inn at Xawerou, then towards Techtau, Seinglitz and Wostrow, where it encamped.

    The Artillery of the Park followed the 2nd Column.

    The baggage of each regiment followed its respective column.

The army encamped in two lines; with the Reserve in a third line. The Elbe covers the front of the army, which extends to the left to Wostrow.

The two armies are now encamped in line as one. The right rests at Mochow, the left on the high road from Brandeiss. Headquarters remain at Czelakowitz, in front of the army. We have five bridges over the Elbe: 2 at Littal and 3 at Tauschim.

General-of-Cavalry Freiherr von Bretlach rejoined the army today with the 42 squadrons of cavalry that, up to now, had been left in Moravia to recover from the losses that they had sustained at the Battle of Prague 1 on May 6th. That general is bound for the Army of the Empire with his regiment and that of Trautmannsdorff Cuirassiers and the Hussars of Splényi, Baboczay 2 and Széchényi.

Today, a lieutenant and 28 men, deserters from the Prussian army, also came to the Austrian camp. I have been employed in reading and setting in order the papers taken from General Manstein. The Croats of Colonel Laudon had taken the general prisoner. Having given his parole, he called upon his escort to fire on the Croats. Because of this the Croats cut him and his escort to pieces. The Croats spared very few, amongst whom, however, his son is numbered.

His Royal Highness told us the following about the situation of the Prussian army. When the corps of General Nádasdy occupied Jung-Bunzlau, they took prisoner 3 officers and 30 Prussian soldiers. A corps of about 5 to 6,000 men from the Army of Marshal Keith has, from Leitmeritz, taken the road to Saxony and has passed Linay. We still do not know if the remainder of that army is following the same route.

The whereabouts of the King of Prussia is not certain. Following the battle on the 18th June, the King had remained at Lissau to organize the removal of his wounded from there to Leitmeritz, and from thence to Dresden. He then divided his forces into two corps. The first of these, of 25 to 30,000 men under the orders of the Prince of Prussia and General Winterfeldt encamped at Jung-Bunzlau to oppose any movements that the Austrians might wish to make against Lusatia. The King kept the remainder of his forces, about 40,000 men, in the neighborhood of Leitmeritz, where he himself joined Marshal Keith.

We do not doubt that, since the King did not remain on the Elbe to defend that river around Nimbourg, he has thrown away any chance of maintaining himself in Bohemia.

Notes

1 Previously, St. Paul had referred to this action as the Battle of Malleschitz, after the site of Austrian Headquarters on the morning of the action.
2 The text actually says Pabodzai. I cannot identify a regiment of that name. Major-General Baboczay was a commander of Hussars in this campaign, but was not the Colonel-Proprietor of a regiment. It is possible also that Széchényi refers to Major-General Széchényi rather than his regiment.

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