They were a Tungus people, Ju-chen in Chinese or Jurche in Arabian/Persian. After replacing the Khitan, the Jurchen then established a new dynasty, Kin or Jin or Chin (Gold) in Chinese or Alchun in Tungusic, in 1115 that lasted until 1234 AD. The Jurchen tribes were the forerunners of the Manchus, who conquered China and founded the last of the Imperial Chinese dynasties, the Ching or Qing. Manchu is derived from Manju Jin, what the Jurchen were called after the fall of their Chinese dynasty.

The Kin and Song Dynasties divided China between themselves, and were often in conflict with each other until the arrival of the Mongol armies of Genghis Khan.

Today's Manchu have all but lost their original language, and virtually all of them speak Chinese. Most live in north-eastern China in the northern part of what was once called Manchuria, or "Land of the Manchu". The area is now called Heilongjiang, which means "Black Dragon River" the Chinese name for the Amur River.

Eurasian Nomads: Part 2

Magyars
Székely
Pechenegs
The Uighur Empire (744-840)
Xueyantuo
Kirghiz or Kyrgyz
Kipchaks
Kimeks
Tatars or Tartar
Steppe Kingdoms (840-1278)
Khitan or Kidan
Tanguts
Jurchen or Jurchid
Turks or Turkmen
Mongol World Empire (1206-1368)
Steppe Peoples' Political Decline (14th C. onward)
Descriptions of Non-Mongolian Physiques

Eurasian Nomads: Part 1

Background
Indo-European Period (4,000 BC-300 AD)
Hsiung-nu Period (250 BC-450 AD)
Turkic Kaganate (552-744)