by Paul Darnell
There are quite surprisingly quite a few eyewitness accounts from the British side. The majority come from non-line sources reflecting the King's order to kill all men wearing red. Despite that, we haue two accounts from Privte Bickley and Private Williams who were both in the camp. We haue 3 Zulu Warrlors of the InGobamakhosi, umBonambi and umCijo regiments giving us the Zulu accounts. If space permits others will be Included In Issue 2. 1173 Private J. BICKLEY, 1/24th RegimentAt about 7.45 a.m. on 22nd January 1879 one of the Volunteers who had been away from Camp on Picquet duty came in and made a report to the Commanding Officer; immediately after tills I heard Mr. Melvill give the order to the Bugler to sound the 'Fall in' and add 'Sound the Column call.' Each corps fell in in front of its own Camp and the Picquets were then brought in, consisting of a Company of each Battalion of the 24th Regiment. The Infantry formed up in front of an open space between the Camps of the 2/24th Regiment and the R.A. At this time I was posted as a picquet sentry on the Officers mess, all the Servants having fallen in with their Companies. About half an hour after the Column had fallen in Colonel Durnford's Column marched in, some twenty minutes to half an hour later a part of Colonel Durnford's Mounted Basutos was sent up a hill to our left, at this time we could see, with fleld glasses, Kafflrs on the hills to the left quite distinctly. Cetywayo's half-brother in charge of some of the Native Contingent came in soon after, and in my hearing reported himself to Colonel Pulleine as having come off Piquet, and obtained permission to bring in some of his men from the rear of (the) hill behind the Camp. About this time a second mounted messenger was sent out to bring in a party working on the road under Lieutenant Anstey which came in some three-quarters of an hour later. After remaining under arms for some hour and a half to two hours the men were dismissed with orders not to take off their accoutrements. Very shortly after we had been dismissed we heard very rapid firing from the hill on the left where the Basutos had been sent, and the 'Fall in' was Immediately sounded the second time, and number 5 Company, 1/24th, sent soon afterwards on to the hill to support the Basutos. By the time the Column was formed up, the Basutos were coming down the ridge pursued by the Zulus, and the Company 1/24th had opened fire. The Native Contingent and rocket party under Colonel Durnford was also engaged at this time about a mile to our left front. The guns opened fire about this time, one on to the Zulus coming down the ridge on our left flank and the other on to those advancing on Colonel Durnford's party to our left front. The Mounted Police and our Company 1/24th was sent out after this in support of Colonel Durnford's party. The gun firing at the enemy in this direction appear to have great effect, and soon after it began firing they made a retreat, but afterwards they reappeared in extended order coming over a rise to the left front and near a conical hill. At the same time the line of the Zulus appeared right across the plain in front of the Camp completely outflanking that of our skirmishers. There were Kraals on both flanks of the Camp which were occupied by the Zulus, and our men began to retire on to the Camp, making a stand in a ravine which crossed the front of the Camp. The Companies out skirmishing were now apparently getting short of ammunition, and it was carried out to them by the Bandsmen and wagon drivers and other unarmed people about the Camp; and the Native Contingent had been driven into the Camp and together with most of the transport and other employed natives were rushing out of Camp towards the road for Rorke's Drift. The QuarterMaster then came up and asked me if I could saddle his horse for him. I took it behind a wagon near the Officers Mess to do so, but could find no bridle. I left the horse tied up to the wagon by the headstall, but saw no more of the Quarter-Master who had gone away in the direction of the Officers latrine. By this time all the idlers were clearing out of Camp, and the skirmishers driven in, I made for the neck of land over which the road ran, and on gaining it, saw that retreat by the road to Rorke's Drift was cut off, and struck off to the left, about a quarter of a mile on I found a pony standing in the path which I mounted and shortly after caught up Lieutenant Melvill who was carrying the Queen's Colour. Mr. Coghill afterwards joined us and reported to the Adjutant that Corporal Pulleine had been shot. Corporal Richardson, the Pioneer Corporal, came up soon after and said he was wounded in the arm and soon after I saw him fall off his horse and lie on the ground unable to remount. When I got down to the drift I could see nothing of the Officers who had passed me. From the drift I found my way with Captain Essex whom I met at the top of the hill to Helpmakaar. Statement of 139 Private John Williams, 1/24th Regiment(Colonel Glyn's Groom)On the 22nd January 18791 was calling up at 2 a.m. to get Colonel Glyn's horse ready, he started about 4 a.m. with the patrol under the General. I remained in Camp to look after the Colonel's other two horses; about 9 a.m. a mounted orderly came in to report Zulus on the hills to the left of the Camp, he made his report to Lieutenant Coghill at the Column Office; that officer went to Colonel Pulleine to inform him. The 'Column Alarm' was then sounded. The five Companies 1 /24th fell in, and the Company of the 2/24th and the Artiilery hamessed thelr horses. The Column was marched below the Native Contingent Camp where they waited for orders about half an hour; they were then sent back to their own Camp where they stood under arms about three quarters of an hour. After which Colonel Pulleine gave them permission to fall out without taking their accoutrements off. During this time Zulus were visible on the hill to the left front, sometimes in small numbers at others in large bodies. The 'fall in' was sounded a second time about 11 a.m. and the Column was formed up in the same spot as before, below the space between the 2/24th and Native Contingent Camps. The Kaffirs were now advancing on the Camp along the top of the hilis to the left, Colonel Durnford's Column had come in by this time, and his pary went out of Camp towards our left front some three quarters of a mile off and went round a small conical hill, No. 5 Company, 1/24th was sent out to the left in skirmishing order to support some of the Native Contingent who were already there. As soon as Colonel Durnford's mounted party got out of sight we heard firing from their direction but could not tell whether it was them or the enemy, and five minutes afterwards the party on the left were engaged, and we could see masses of Zulus coming over the hills in that direction. Number I Company 1/24th was now sent out in support of Colonel Durnford and the guns of the Artillery commenced firing on the Zulus as they came down the hills to our left and left front with great effect; and the Zulus began to retreat behind the hill Colonel Durnford had gone round, his party having commenced to retire on its supports. The enemy occupied some Kraals which were to the right of the hill but were driven out by the Artillery fire, when they extended in skirmishing order, to the right I should say from 2 to 300 yards deep. They then advanced round towards the right of the Camp outflanking the mounted men who were extended on that side. Meanwhile there was very heavy firing on the left and left centre. I myself and Private Hough, the Colonel's Cook, went to the left beyond the General's tents where we were joined by three of the General's servants, and began to fire from the left of No. 5 Company, 1/24th Regiment. We fired 40 to 50 rounds each when the Native Contingent fell back on the Camp and one of their officers pointed out to me that the enemy were entering the right of the Camp. We then went to the right, No. 5 Company still holding their position, and fired away the remainder of our amrnuniffon, the Kafflrs turned the left of No. 5 Company by coming over a high rock. The firing at this point sffll conffnuing very heavy. Meanwhile No. 1 Company and the remainder of the 1/24th together with 2/24th Company were firing volleys into the Zulus who were only 100 to 150 yards distant from them; they kept this up till they got short of ammunition. The right of the Camp was open and undefended except by the few mounted troops left in Camp who had taken cover in a small ravine. The Zulus kept outside Camp some 2 or 300 yards and made round to the right of the Camp apparently intending to take us in rear, and another party had made round to the left completely surrounding the Camp except a small space to the left of the road to Rorke's Drift. The men in Camp, Bandsmen and men on Guard etc., were trying to take ammunition to the Companies but the greater part never got there, as I saw horses and mules with ammunition on their backs galloping about the Camp a short time afterwards. Lieutenant Coghill galloped up now to Colonel Glyn's tents and gave orders for them to be struck and placed in the wagon which was done, when he came up again and ordered the grooms to take the horses to the rear part of the Camp. I kept one of the Colonel's horses tied to the wagon and went and got 40 rounds more ammunition of which I then used 29. I then saw Lieutenant Melvill leaving Camp with the Queen's colours and Lieutenant Coghill close behind him; the latter told me to come on or I should get killed; just then the two guns of the R.A. retreated out of Camp past me, and I could see the men on foot who had attempted to escape turned back and coming into Camp. When I got on to the hill overlooking the Rorke's Drift road the Zulus were entering the Camp from that direction and I saw Lieutenant Coghill's horse assegaied in the thigh. About 300 yards out of the Camp the ground became so bad that the guns of the R.A. were upset, and I saw several of the drivers assegaied. I passed them here and saw no more of the guns. On my way to the drift I passed Band Sergeant Gamble 1/24th Regiment on foot but could give him no assistance. When I got down to the drift I saw Lieutenants Melvill and Coghill coming down the rocks to it, and after I entered the river to cross saw no more of either of these officers. I made my way up to Helpmakaar after crossing the river. MEASHA KNA (Zulu Warrior, inGobamakhosi Regt.)"We slept the night before the battle in a valley rising from the Ngnutu range, and running eastward towards the King's krasi. It abounds with scrubby bush and small stones. We did not see Lord Chelmsford's army leave the camp on the day of the battle, but heard the report of firearms, and saw him returning. No orders were given as to the attack; it was not our day. Our day was the following day: it being the new moon we did not intend to fight. Our intention was to attack the camp next day at dawn, but the English forces came to attack us first. Three mounted troops--white and black--attacked us first. The Zulu regiments were all lying in the valley I have mentioned, but the Umcityu made their appearance under the Ngnutu range, and were seen by the mounted men of the English forces, who made at the Umcitu, not seeing the main body of the army. They fired, and all at once the main body of the Zulu army arose in every direction, on hearing the firing. The attention of the English mounted troops was drawn to the few men who had exposed themselves under the range, and before these mounted men knew where they were the main body of the Zulus got up and swarmed in every direction. On their seeing we were too numerous they retired, and the Ukandapemvu regiment fired. The mounted men retired very slowly on seeing the Zulu army. On seeing the English troops retiring the Ukandapemvu regiment, called also the Umcityu, advanced. The mounted men retired and advanced four times; we just went on, and they retired before us, our Zulu army appearing to become more numerous every moment; we never stopped in our advance. There is a little red hill which overlooks Isandwhlalla, within sight of the camp, and there the Ngobamkhosi, to which I belong, came in contact with two companies of mounted men. This was on the left, and about as far from the camp as the Court House is from Fort Napier; but we were on the height looking down. Some of these mounted men had white stripes up their trousers (Carbineers); there were also men dressed in black, but none of the Native Contingent on the brow of this hill. The Ngobamakosi and Uve regiments attacked on this side. The English force kept turning and firing, but we kept on; they could not stop us. But on the side of this little hill there is a conga, into which the mounted men got, and stopped our onward move there: we could not advance against their fire any longer. They had drawn their horses into this conga, and all we could see were the helmets. They fired so heavily we had to retire; we kept lying down and rising again. The Edendale men were in this conga, but we did not see the Basutos the former were mixed with the Carbineers. At this time the wings of the Zulu army were running on both sides above Isandwhlana, and below towards Rorke's Drift; the men in this conga were firing on the chest of the army. Then, when the firing became very heavy--too hot--we retired towards the left wing, towards Rorke's Drift, and they then withdrew. On seeing us retire towards the Buffalo, they retired on the camp, fearing lest we should enter the camp before they could get to it, and that the camp would not be protected. All the troops had left the camp to come and attack us, but on seeing us retiring on the camp as we did, they also retired on the camp. The soldiers were sent out in small companies in various directions, and caused great havoc among the Zulus. The Carbineers on entering the camp made a strong stand there, and their firing was very heavy. It was a long time before they were overcome--before we finished them. When we did get to them they died in one place all together. They threw down their guns, when their ammunition was done, and they commenced with their pistols, which they used as long as their ammunition lasted; and then they formed a line, shoulder to shoulder, and back to back, and fought with their knives. At this time many of the soldiers had retired from the positions where they had gone to attack us, and the Ukandapemyu and Umbonambi regiments were killing them from the end of the camp. The Carbineers and others were in the rear of the camp, the soldiers in the front part. The Zulu army first entered the front, where the soldiers were. When the soldiers retired on the camp, they did so running, and the Zulus were then intermixed with them, and entered the camp at the same time. The two wings then met in the rear of the camp, and those who were in the camp were thus blocked in, and the main body of the Zulu army was engaged in chasing and killing the soldiers. When the Zulus closed in, the English kept up a strong fire towards the Buffalo. Thev were concentrated near the rear of the camp, and the fire was so heavy as to enable them to make an opening, and thus a great many of the mounted men escaped through this opening. The attention of the Zulus was directed to the kiting of men in the rear, and so they did not attend to the dosing up of this opening, and thus let the mounted men out. There was a ragged medley, of white men, Edendale Kaffirs, and others, who managed to get out in the direction of the Buffalo. They made an opening across the neck, crossed the stream and then made for the Buffalo. This stream is that which goes through my father's kraai. The ridge on this side is what we call the neck, the camp was on the other side. "The resistance was stout where the old Dutch road used to go across, it took a long time to drive back the English forces there; they killed us and we killed them, and the fight was kept up for a long time. The British troops became helpless, because they had no ammunition, and the Zulus killed them. There were cannon fired at this place where the opening was; they were left in the camp. I first saw the cannon when the soldiers left the camp and came to attack us in front. There was one drawn by mules (the rocket) and two by horses. They commenced firing as we came over the small hill looking down upon the camp, and before we had entered the camp at all. They came to assist the Carbineers in the conga, and fired in the same direction from near the conga into the body of the Zulu army. Four shots were fired at the Ngobamakosi; they then turned and fired at the Umbonambi also. I don't know how many shots they fired at them; they fired very quickly, not at one, but at all three regiments; they must have fired from ten to twenty shots; they commenced firing when we were a long distance away--we had not got near the camp, it was as far as the Willow bridge from this Court-house, and we had to run all that distance to the camp. There was something wrong with the rocket battery. Two of the mules got on the top of a boulder, and were thrown over and kiiied; two mules then were left, but the man could not fire it. When we really saw rockets fired was at Kambula. The cannon did not do much damage. It only killed four men in our regiment, the shot went over us. None were killed by the Zulus between the top of the hill and the conga; our firing was bad. When they were in the conga with the police we had to retire, because we found our losses were so heavy. When they were rising out of the conga and retreating on the camp, we shot two Carbineers, and so got from the conga to the tents. They mounted their horses, which they had drawn into the conga with them. The Carbineers were still fighting when the Edendale men got into the camp. When the Carbineers reached the camp they jumped off their horses, and never succeeded in getting on them again. They made a stand, and prevented our entering the camp, but things were then getting very mixed and confused; what with the smoke, dust, and Intermingling of mounted men, footmen, Zulus, arui nath es, it was difficult to tell who was mounted and who was not. The soldiers were at this time in the camp, having come back from the front, all but two companies, which went on to the hlil and never returned--they were every one of them killed. They were firing on the wings of the Zulu army, while the body of the army was pushing on, the wings also succeeded, and before the soldiers knew where they were, they were surrounded from the west, attacked by the wings from the right, and the main body from the back. They were ail killed, not one escaped; they tried to make an opening towards the camp, but found the Zulu army was too thick; they could not do it, it vas impossible. We searched the pouches of the men; some had a few cartridges, most of them had none at all; there were very few found. Some had cartouche-boxes, others cartridge-belts: the belts were all empty, but a few cartridges were found in a few of the cartouche-boxes. I did not see the soldiers fix bayonets. They could not have done so; they were retiring with the waggons. They turned the oxen and were going towards the drift, and were crossing the neck and making for the waggon road. These waggons were without tents, and the soldiers were on each side of them. But the bayonets of the men of the two companies who were killed were fixed, and the men formed back to back. Some Zulus threw assegais at them, others shot at them; but they did not get close--they avoided the bayonet; for any man who went up to stab a soldier was fixed through the throat or stomach, and at once fell. Occasionally when a soldier was engaged with a Zulu in front with an assegai, another Zulu killed him from behind. There was a tall man who came out of a waggon and made a stout defence, holding out for some time, when we thought all the white people had been driven out of camp. He fired in every direction, and so quickly as to drive the Zulus some in one way, some in another. At first some of the Zulus took no notice; but at last he commanded our attention by the plucky way in which he fought, and because he had killed so many. He was at last shot. All those who tried to stab him were knocked over at once, or bayoneted; he kept his ground for a very long time. When I came up he had been stripped of his upper garments. As a rule we took off the upper garments, but left the trousers, but if we saw blood upon the garments we did not bother. I think this man was an officer; he had gaiters on, but I did not see his coat. His chin was shaved. He was killed immediately under the Isandwhlana hill. Only two cannon were taken to Cetywayo; the two in the front part of the camp were sent. The cannon remained on the field for a long time, and at last Cetywayo sent for them; he directed Mtembu, who lived near, to remove them. Each Zulu helped himself to watches, and such other property as they could lay hands upon and carry away. Ail the dead bodies were cut open, because if that had not been done the Zulus would have become swollen like the dead bodies. I heard that some bodies were otherwise mutilated. There was a man whose head was cut off at the entrance of the camp, where the white people held out, and formed back to back. The dead Zulus were buried in the grain siloes in two kraals; some in congas, and elsewhere. Zulus died all round Isandwhlana. "The men who fought at Rorke's Drift took no part at Isandwhlana; they were the men of the Undi regiment, who formed a portion of the left wing. When the camp at Isandwhlana had been taken, these men came up fresh and pursued the fugitives right over the Fugitives' Drift into Natal. There was a long line of stragglers, as we supposed, making for Jim's house. The other reserve regiments, intending to cut them off, crossed the Buffalo at the point where the Bashee flows into it, and came round crossing the road near the kraal of Inswarele. These reserves complained that they had had no opportunity of taking part in the battle of Isandwhlana, and therefore they went on to Rorke's Drift, and fought there. These were men with rings. We who had fought at Isandwhiana were as tired as the Englishmen, and many more of the English forces would have escaped if the reserve regiments had not come up." UMBONAMBI REGIMENT WARRIOR (Account)"We were lying in the hills up there, when one of our scouting parties came back followed by a number of mounted men; they were most of them natives, but some were whites. They fired upon us. Then the whole impi became very excited and sprang up. When the horsemen saw how numerous we were they began to retreat. We followed up in rank and marched towards the camp. At the top of the last hill we were met by more horsemen; but we were too many for them and they retreated. Here, where we are standing [Mitford explains they were in his informant's kraal near the kopje where Russeil's rocket battery was overwhelmed] there were some parties of soldiers in red coats who kept up a heavy fire upon us as we came over. My regiment was here and lost a lot of men; they kept tumbling over one upon another. [The narrator became quite excited, says Mitford, and indulged in much gesticulation, illustrating the volleys by cracking his fingers.] Then the inGobamakhosi regiment, which formed the left hom of the impi, extended and swept round on the south of the conical kopje so as to outflank the soldiers, who, seeing this, fell back and took cover in the conga, and fired upon us from there. By that time the inGobamakhosi had got among the rockets and killed the horses, and were circling round so as to shut in the camp on the side of the river, but we could not advance because the fire from the conga was too heavy. The great indunas were on the hill to the north of the camp, and just below them a number of soldiers were engaging the umCijo regiment, which was being driven back, but one of the chiefs of the umCijo ran down from the hill and rallied them, calling out that they would get the whole impi beaten and must come on. Then they shouted 'Usutu!' and waving their shields charged the soldiers with great fury. The chief was shot through the forehead and dropped down dead, but the umCijo riushed over his body and fell upon the soldiers, stabbing them with their assegais and driving them right in among the tents. My regiment and the uDloko formed the centre of the impi. When the soldiers in the conga saw that the umCijo were getting behind them, they retreated upon the camp, firing at us all the time. As they retreated we followed them. I saw several white men on horseback galloping towards the neck, which was the only point open; then the uNokenke and uNodwengu regiments, which had formed the right horn of the impi lined with the inGobamakhosi on the neck. After that there was so much smoke that I could not see whether the white men had got through or not. The tumult and the firing was wonderful, every warrior shouted 'Usutu!' as he killed anyone, and the sun got very dark like night. The English fought long and hard, there were so many of our people in front of me that I did not get into the thick of the fighting until the end. The warriors called out that all the white men had been killed, and then we began to plunder the camp. We found tywala [drink] in the camp, and some of our men got very drunk. We were so hot and thirsty that we drank everything liquid we found, without waited to see what it was. Some of them found some black stuff in bottles [ink], it did not look good, so they did not drink it; but one or two who drank some paraffin, thinking it was tywala, were poisoned. We took as much plunder as we could carry, and went away home to our kraals. We did not reassemble and march back to Ulundi. At first we had not intended attacking the camp that day, as the moon was wrong, but as the whites had disoovered our presence the indunas said we had better go on." UGUKU WARRIOR, umCijo Regt. (Account)"It was our intention to have rested for a day in the valley where we arrived the night before the battle, but having heard firing of the English advance guard who had engaged Matyana's men, and it being reported that the inGobamakhosi were engaged, we went up from the valley to the top of Nqutu which was between us and the camp; we then found that the inGobamakhosi were not engaged, but were quietly encamped lower town the valley. We saw a body of horse coming up the hill towards us from the lsandhlwana side. We opened fire on them, and then the whole of our army rose and came up the hill. The enemy returned our fire, but retired down the hill, leaving one dead man (a black) and a horse on the field. The uVe and inGobamakhosi then became engaged on our left with the enemy's skirmishers, and soon afterwards we were all engaged with the skirmishers of the enemy. We were not checked by them, but continued our march on the camp untD the artillery opened upon us. The first shell took effect in the ranks of my regiment, just above the kraal of Baza. The uNokenke then ran out in the shape of a horn towards the kraal of Nyenzane on the road between Isandhlwana and Rorke's Drift. The engagement now became very hot between the amaMangwane [the Zulu name for mounted native troops] and us, the former being supported by the infantry who were some distance in their rear. We were now falling very fast. The amaMangwane had put their horses in a conga and were firing away at us on foot. We shouted 'Uzulu!' and made for the conga driving out the amaMangwane towards the camp. The infantry then opened fire on us and their fire was so hot that those of us who were not in the conga retired back over the hill. It was then that the uNokenke and uNodwengu regiments ran out towards Nyenzane's kraal. We then shouted 'Uzulu!' again and got up out of the congas. The soldiers opened fire on us again and we laid down. We then got up again and the whole of my regiment charged the infantry who formed into two separate parties-one party standing four deep with their backs towards Isandhlwana, the other standing about fifty yards from the camp in like formation. We were checked by the fire of the soldiers standing near Isandlhlwana but charged on towards those in front of the camp in spite of this very heavy fire on our right flank. As we got nearer we saw the soldiers were beginning to fall from the effects of our fire. On our left we were supported by the uMbonambi, half the Undi; inGobamakhosi, and uVe. Behind us were the other half of the Undi and uDloko, who never came into action at Isandhlwana but formed the reserve which passed on and attacked Rorke's Drift. As we rushed on the soldiers retired on the camp fighting all the way and as they got into the camp we were intermingled with them. It was a disputed point as to which regiment was the first in the English camp but it was eventually decided that the uMbonambi was first followed by the Undi. One party of soldiers came out from among the tents and formed up a little above the ammunition waggons. They held their ground there until their ammunition failed them, when they were nearly all assegaied. Those who were not killed at this place formed again in a said square in the neck of Isanhlwana. They were completely surrounded on all sides, and stood back to back, and surrounding some men who were in the centre. Their ammunition was now done, except that they had some revolvers which they fired at us at close quarters. We were quite unable to break their square until we had killed a great many of them, by throwing our assegais at short distances. We eventually overcame them in this way."
ZULU CASUALTES--KILLED There is no reliable totak for Zulu losses. 1-2000 appears to be the accepted total. The UmGobamakhosi regiment suffered badly. More Isandlwana
Large Maps of Zulu and British Movements (slow: 184K) Isandlwana Eyewitness Accounts Isandlwana Battle Profile Colour Diorama Photos (small: 59K) Colour Diorama Photos (Large: extremely slow: 412K) Back to Colonial Conquest Issue 1 Table of Contents Back to Colonial Conquest List of Issues Back to MagWeb Master List of Magazines © Copyright 1992 by Partizan Press. This article appears in MagWeb (Magazine Web) on the Internet World Wide Web. |