By John Astell
While somewhat out of the time period covered by these designer's notes, the commission evacuated the following:
Notes The Volksdeutsch were evacuated from Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, NE Poland, Volhynia, Galicia, N Bukovina, and Bessarabia following the Soviet takeovers of these countries and provinces. Although S Bukovina remained in Romania, the Germans evacuated the Volksdeutsch there when they evacuated N Bukovina. At about the same time, the Germans evacuated the Volksdeutsch from Dobruja, when control of S Dobruja passed from Romania to Bulgaria. The Germans evacuated virtually all the Volksdeutsch from these lands. Western Poland was the preferred resettlement area, as this had been annexed into Germany following the Polish campaign, with 600,000 Jews and 400,000 ethnic Poles being deported from there to central Poland to make room for German settlers. After 1941, the Bialystok region (from the USSR, formerly in Poland) also was annexed and became a prime resettlement area. Central Poland, called General Government, was at first left for the Poles, and some Volksdeutsch were evacuated from there. By mid-war, the Germans had decided to eventually expel or exterminate the Polish population there and began to settle Germans in the area. General Government was expanded when Germany added the Lvov region of the Ukraine to it in 1941. Some Volksdeutsch of Croatia and Bosnia were evacuated following the German conquest of Yugoslavia * They were resettled in the part of Slovenia that was annexed to Germany. By no means were all the Volksdeutsch evacuated. Romania, Yugoslavia, and Hungary each had hundreds of thousands of ethnic German inhabitants. Similarly, the Soviet Union had perhaps 2 million Volksdeutsch, mainly in the Ukraine and the autonomous Volga Republic of Russia. (The Soviets deported to Siberia and Central Asia most of the Volga Germans in 1942, when the German summer offensive broke through to the Volga River. Perhaps not coincidentally, the German Resettlement Commission had been in contact with the Volga Germans in 1939-41, leading the Soviet government to suspect the loyalty of the Volga Germans.) Some ethnic Germans in France were resettled in Alsace- Lorraine, following that region's de facto annexation into Germany. About 400,000 ethnic French were expelled from Alsace-Lorraine into France. (Alsace was a region of France with a mostly-German population, while Lorraine was mostly French. The Nazis sought to make all of Alsace-Lorraine German.) Some of the Germans of the southern Tyrol, which was part of Italy, were resettled in Austria. When Italy surrendered and changed sides in 1943, the Germans effectively annexed the southern Tyrol and nearby areas into Germany. The Nazi resettlement policies in the end failed, due to the military collapse of Germany. In fact, the legacy of Nazi occupation and German resettlement meant that newly-liberated lands often expelled their Volksdeutsch populations to Germany. Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Yugoslavia in particular expelled their ethnic Germans after the war, and the Soviet Union deported most of the Germans remaining in East Prussia. (One consequence of this is that the area of modern Germany, despite 3,000,000 war casualties, experienced no net population loss due to the war.) Inside Europa First to Fight Designer's Notes Part II, Section A Germany
Army Re-armament and Manpower Strategic Situation Germany-Allies Strength Comparison German High Command and the Government Volksdeutsch Resettlement 1939-1942 The Wehrkreis System Frontier Defenses and Border Regt Commands Back to Europa Number 23 Table of Contents Back to Europa List of Issues Back to MagWeb Master Magazine List © Copyright 1992 by GR/D This article appears in MagWeb (Magazine Web) on the Internet World Wide Web. Other articles from military history and related magazines are available at http://www.magweb.com |