Prussian Uniforms
of the 1806 Campaign
Part I: The Line Infantry

Introduction

by Mike Gilbert and J. Lochet

In spite of what has been said by many historians, the 1806 Prussian soldier fought well as has been shown in the extensive coverage we have already had in the new EE&L. [1]

For readers who remain skeptical we might add that after the disaster of Jena-Auerstadt, and the subsequent bagging of many of the defeated Prussians by the pursuing French army, what was left of the Prussian army in East Prussia fought very well alongside the Russians. The performance and success of Lestoc's small command at Eylau against Davout's IIIrd Corps is proof of that.

It looks like the Jager Officer on the right caught the boys doing some heavy drinking. From left to right are A Musketeer, A Foot Jager, a Musketeer supporting another Musketeer who in spite of his instability problem has managed to grab a Fusilier shako.

Let us not forget that Bressonet [2] said:

    "At Saalfeld, Auerstadt, Iena, the French were victorious. But in spite of the fact that they were under the command of men such as Lannes, Davout and Napoleon, and despite the French numerical superiority at Iena, victory was only achieved at the price of a fierce struggle."

In 1806, beside the cavalry and artillery, the bulk of the Prussian army was provided by 60 line infantry regiments including that of the Guard (112 line battalions and 4 battalions of Guards [3] ), and 28 Grenadier battalions. In addition to the line infantry, we find 24 Fusilier battalions and 1 Foot Jager regiment of light infantry.

Each infantry regiment consisted of 2 Musketeer field battalions and 2 companies of Grenadiers, plus a depot battalion later known as the 3rd Musketeer battalion. On war footing, each Musketeer battalion consisted of 5 companies [4] with a total of 600 privates, 50 Schutzens, and 40 reserve. In addition, the battalion had 22 officers, 60 NCOs, 1 artillery NCO, 17 gunners manning 1 battalion gun and 10 sappers.

Each Fusilier battalion consisted of 19 officers, 48 NCOs, 13 musicians [5] 80 corporals, 440 privates, 40 reserves, 40 Schutzens [6] , 8 sappers, 4 artillery auxiliaries to help the artillerists man the 3-pdr battalion gun and some 46 train soldiers, a total of 744 men among which were 688 combatants organized in 4 companies.

The Fusilier battalions were given numbers and, like the line regiments and Grenadier battalions, were named after their battalion commanders. The Fusiliers were organized into 8 brigades of 3 battalions each. The brigades were named for their garrison locations.

In 1806, the Jager regiment [7] numbered about 2000 men organized into 10 companies which included 51 officers, 120 NCOs, 36 buglers, 1800 privates, 126 train soldiers, 4 artillery laborers and 12 company surgeons.

In 1806, in spite of some changes, the Prussian army uniforms were almost identical to those of Frederick's army, and like the Saxon army, they presented an outmoded look when compared to other armies. Some changes were introduced by Frederick William II as soon as he succeeded Frederick in 1786.

His reign was short and his son Frederick William III replaced him in 1797. Frederick William III continued the modernization of the infantry uniform with mixed results. We should mention that the introduction of the shako in 1801 and of the shorter coat for the Fusiliers were the notable steps in the modernization of the Prussian infantry uniform.

1796 Prussian Uniforms of the 1806 Campaign Part I: The Line Infantry


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