North Carolina and
the Seven Years War

Footnotes

by John Maass


[1] Fred Anderson, A People's Army: Massachusetts Soldiers and Society in the Seven Years War (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1984), 6-7
[2] Compared to both North Carolina and Virginia, the northern American colonies contributed much more significantly to the British campaigns in terms of men, money and supplies. See Anderson, A People's Army; Harold E. Selesky, War and Society in Colonial Connecticut (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1990); and R. S. Stephenson, "Pennsylvania Provincial Soldiers in the Seven Years War," Pennsylvania History, 62 (1995), 197-212.
[3] Walter O'Meara, Guns at the Forks (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburg Press, 1979 edition), 5.
[4] Howard H. Peckham, The Colonial Wars, 1689-1762 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1964),121-128; Lawrence Henry Gipson, The Great War for Empire, Vol. VI, The Years of Defeat, 1754-1757 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1946),20-24; O'Meara, Guns at the Forks, 11-13; 72-73; Fred Anderson, Crucible of War: The Seven Years' War and the Fate of Empire in British North America, 1754-1766 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), 24-32; Anderson, A People's Army, 6-7; James Titus, The Old Dominion at War: Society, Politics, and Warfare in Late Colonial Virginia (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1991), 5-23.
[5] Robert J. Cain, ed., The Colonial Records of North Carolina, Second Series, Vol. VIII: Records of the Executive Council, 1735-1754 (Raleigh: Division of Archives and History, 1988), xliv, in which the editor terms North Carolina's participation in the war as "modest but perceptible." Titus, The Old Dominion at War, 16; 30-31; Peckham, Colonial Wars, 130-2; Anderson, Crucible of War, 37; 45-46; 66; Francis Parkman, Montcalm and Wo fe: The French and Indian War (New York: Da Capo Press, 1995 reprint), 81; O'Meara, Guns at the Forks, 47; Cain, Records of the Executive Council, 304-305; Alan Valentine, The British Establishment, 1760-1784, vol. 1 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1970), 238. Robert D'Arcy, The Earl of Holdemesse, was Secretary of State for the Southern Colonies in 1754. For North Carolina's weak economic condition at the time of the war, see A. Roger Ekirch, "Poor Carolina ": Politics and Society in Colonial North Carolina, 1729-1776 (Chapel Hill: university of North Carolina Press, 1981), xviii-xix, 3, 9-18.
[6] Cain, Records of the Executive Council, 304-305; Charles Lee Raper, North Carolina: A Study in English Colonial Government (New York: Macmillan Company, 1904), 53; Samuel A. Ashe, History of North Carolina, vol. 1 (Greensboro: Charles L. Van Noppen, 1925), 282; Ekirch, "Poor Carolina", 105-106.
[7] Cain, Records of the Executive Council, 303.
[8] Rowan to Holdernesse, 11/21/53, in William L. Saunders, ed., The North Carolina Colonial Records, vol. 5, 1752-1759 (Raleigh: Josephus Daniels, Printer, 1887), 25, herein cited as NCCR; Douglas L. Rights, The American Indian in North Carolina (Winston-Salem: John F. Blair, 2nd edition, 1957),157-158.
[9] John C. Van Home and George Resse, eds., The Letter Book of James Abercromby, Colonial Agent, 1751-1773 (Richmond: Virginia State Library and Archives, 1991), 107; NCCR, vol. 5, 109; NCCR, vol. 23, 392-398; Hugh T. Lefler and Albert R. Newsome, North Carolina: The History of a Southern State, revised edition (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1963), 147; Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 283; Titus, The Old Dominion at War, 30-31; Ekirch, "Poor Carolina ", 107; NCCR, vol. 5, 178, 195, 739.
[10] Rowan to the Board of Trade, 3/19/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 109.
[11] Rowan to Board of Trade, 3/19/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 109; Forrest McDonald, Novus Ordo Seclorum: The Intellectual Origins of the Constitution (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1985), 154. For a detailed description of currency matters in North Carolina during the Seven Years War, see Jack P. Greene, The Quest for Power: The Lower Houses of Assembly in the Southern Royal Colonies, 1689-1776 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1963) 115-118; Ekirch, "Poor Carolina", 10.
[12] Rowan to Board of Trade, 8/29/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 137.
[13] Rowan to Board of Trade, 6/3/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 123.
[14] Hayes Baker-Crothers, Virginia and the French and Indian War (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1928), 42-43.
[15] Dinwiddie to Rowan, NCCR, vol. 5, 110.
[16] NCCR, vol. 5, 211; Dinwiddie to Mr. Hanbury, 5/10/54, in The North Carolina Booklet, Vol. VII, "North Carolina in the French and Indian War," p. 3-12
[17] Dinwiddie to James Innes, 3/23/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 112.
[18] William S. Powell, ed., Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, vol. 3 (Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina Press, 1979-1996), 251-253; Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 32.
[19] NCCR, vol. 5,125; Dinwiddie to Innes, 3/32/54, NCCR, vol. 5,112; Alfred M. Waddell, A Colonial Officer and His Times: A Biographical Sketch of Gen. Hugh Waddell of North Carolina (Raleigh: Edwards and Broughton, 1890), 53; Duane Meyer, The Highland Scots of North Carolina, 1732-1776 (Chapel Hill: university of North Carolina Press, 1961), 128; Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1,283-284.
[20] Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 283; R. D. W. Connor, North Carolina: Rebuilding and Ancient Commonwealth, 1584-1925, vol. 1 (Chicago: The American Historical Society, 1929) 251; NCCR, vol. 5, 123; Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 46-7.
[21] Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 283; Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 47; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 233; Jack P. Greene, The Quest for Power,43-45.
[22] Hugh T. Lefler and William S. Powell, Colonial North Carolina: A History (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1973), 140.
[23] Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 47n.
[24] Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, 95-96.
[25] NCCR, vol. 5, 131.
[26] William S. Powell, North Carolina Through Four Centuries (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), 100.
[27] Desmond Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire: 1689-1765 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1957), 109; Dinwiddie to Sharpe, 9/6/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 139.
[28] Dinwiddie to Rowan, 3/23/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 110; Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 47.
[29] Anderson, Crucible of War, 64; Titus, The Old Dominion at War, 53.
[30] Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 283-284.
[31] Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, Vol. VIII, 309.
[32] Dinwiddie to Rowan, 8/5/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 135-136; Dinwiddie to Innes, 7/20/54, NCCR vol. 5, 131.
[33] Rowan to Board of Trade, 10/22/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 144c; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 251; Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 47; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 11/9/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 147. In September, the Council voted to allow the money from the £12,000 raised in February not used by Inns to go to Virginia's defense. See NCCR, vol. 5, 176.
[34] NCCR, vol. 5, 27; Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 284.
[35] Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 15; Blackwell P. Robinson, The Five Royal Governors of North Carolina, 1729-1775 (Raleigh: The Carolina Charter Tercentenary Commission, 1963), 27.
[36] Robinson, The Five Royal Governors of North Carolina, 28; S. J. Connolly, ed., The Oxford Companion to Irish History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998) 151; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 231; Joanne McKay, "To Begin the World Anew: Arthur Dobbs, Mid-Eighteenth Century Speculator," MA thesis, Western Carolina University, 1998, 2-4.
[37] Herbert L. Osgood, The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century, vol. IV(New York: Columbia University Press, 1924 ), 201; McKay, "To Begin the World Anew: Arthur Dobbs, Mid Eighteenth Century Speculator," 1; Powell, ed., Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, vol. 2, 83-86.
[38] Connolly, ed., The Oxford Companion to Irish History, 151; Robinson, The Five Royal Governors of North Carolina, 29-30.
[39] Robinson, The Five Royal Governors of North Carolina, 31-32; Connolly, ed., The Oxford Companion to Irish History, 151; Osgood, The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century, vol. IV, 201; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 231.
[40] 1751 letter, Dobbs to George Selwyn, in Robinson, The Five Royal Governors of North Carolina, 32-35; McKay, "To Begin the World Anew: Arthur Dobbs, Mid-Eighteenth Century Speculator," 12.
[41] Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 100; Osgood, The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century, vol. IV, 201.
[42] McKay, "To Begin the World Anew: Arthur Dobbs, Mid-Eighteenth Century Speculator," 21; Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 97.
[43] Dobbs letter, in Robinson, The Five Royal Governors of North Carolina, 1729-1775, 33.
[44] Rowan to Board, 10/22/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 144d.
[45] Waddell, Hugh Waddell, 70.
[46] NCCR, vol. 5, 144f-144g; Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 286; Harry M. Ward, "Unite or Die: Intercolony Relations 1690-1763 (Port Washington: Kennikat Press, 1971), 58.
[47] Dobbs to Board of Trade, 11/9/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 144g; Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, Vol. VIII, 311-312.
[48] Dobbs to Board of Trade, 11/9/54, NCCR, vol. 5,146.
[49] Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 287; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 11/9/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 144h. As had occurred prior to the sectional split in the 1740s, the Northern counties each returned five representatives, while the southern counties returned two.
[50] Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, Vol. VIII, 515.
[51] Lefler and Powell, Colonial North Carolina, 139.
[52] NCCR, vol. 5, 161-163; E. Lawrence Lee, Indian Wars in North Carolina, 1663-1763 (Raleigh: The Carolina Charter Tercentenary Commission, 1963), 64-65; Raper, North Carolina: A Study in English Colonial Government, 169-170; Thomas L. Purvis, Colonial America to 1763 (New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1999),158; Michael A. Bellesiles, Arming America: The Origins ofa National Gun Culture (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2000), 142-169. While Bellesiles arguments regarding the genesis of the Second Amendment and the familiarity of colonists with guns are open to debate, his evidence regarding the availability of arms is sound; Lefler and Newsome, North Carolina: The History of a Southern State, 157; NCCR, vol. 5, 237.
[53] Lee, Indian Wars in North Carolina, 64-65; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 249; Dobbs to the Earl of Halifax, 11/20/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 157-159; NCCR, vol. 5, 168.
[54] Dobbs to Board of Trade, 11/9/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 144h-148; Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 103.
[55] Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 233; Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 287; Ekirch, "Poor Carolina", 106; See also Greene, The Quest for Power, p. 174-184 for an excellent summary of the representation controversy Dobbs inherited upon his arrival in North Carolina.
[56] Dobbs to Board, 12/19/54, NCCR, vol. 5, 154.
[57] NCCR, vol. 5, 215-216.
[58] NCCR, vol. 5, 224; Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 114.
[59] NCCR, vol. 5, 220.
[60] NCCR, vol. 5, 251; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 248; Lefler and Newsome, North Carolina: The History of a Southern State, 156; Leonard W. Labaree, ed., The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, vol. 5 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962), 374, 387.
[61] NCCR, vol. 5, 218; 227-229.
[62] NCCR, vol. 5, 248.
[63] NCCR, vol. 5,243.
[64] NCCR, vol. 5, 250.
[65] Dobbs to Board, 2/8/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 333; Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, 1755-1775, xlvi.
[66] NCCR, vol. 5, 267-269, 287; see also Greene, The Quest for Power, 68.
[67] SRNC, vol. 23, 401.
[68] NCCR, vol. 5, 276.
[69] NCCR, vol. 5, 280-281; Dobbs to Board, 2/8/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 333.
[70] Ekirch, "Poor Carolina ", 115-116; NCCR, vol. 5, 309, 312.
[71] Ekirch, "Poor Carolina", 113-115.
[72] Dobbs to ?, 1/1/1755, NCCR, v 5, 313.
[73] Dobbs to Board of Trade, 1/11/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 326-327; Dobbs to Board, 2/8/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 333.
[74] Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 50. Sharpe assumed command in October, 1754.
[75] Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 58-61; Peckham, The Colonial Wars, 135-138; Anderson, Crucible of War, 68-70 and 87-88; Dinwiddie to Dobbs, 4/30/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 400.
[76] Stanley Pargellis, ed., Military Affairs in North America, 1748-1765 (New York: D. AppletonCentury Company, 1936), 34; Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 289; NCCR, vol. 5, 330; Dinwiddie to Dobbs, 2/1/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 366; Dinwiddie to Dobbs, 2/8/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 367.
[77] Dinwiddie to Dobbs, 3/17/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 395.
[78] Pargellis, ed., Military Affairs in North America, 88-89; Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, 1755-1775, xlv; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 5/10/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 343; Andrew J. Wahll, ed., Braddock Road Chronicles, 1755 (Bowie, MD: Heritage Books, 1999) 232-234, 248; Winthrop Sargent, The History of an Expedition Against Fort Du Quesne in 1755 (Lewisburg, PA: Wennawoods Publishing, 1997 reprint), 381; In the army's orderly book reprinted in Wahll's Chronicles, 233, the company is listed as "Major Dobb's Rangers," though Dobbs was a captain at the time. Albert W. Haarmann, in "American Uniforms during the French and Indian War," Military Collector & Historian, Summer, 1980, p. 61 cites a deserter notice in the Pennsylvania Gazette of May 29, 1755 which described the uniform of Dobbs' company as "Regimentals, which is blue coats, with red lapels, and blue breeches." Dinwiddie suggested in a letter to Dobbs that he clothe the men in blue coats with red facings. Regarding Daniel Boone and the North Carolina forces, see Lee McCardell, III-Starred General: Braddock of the Coldstream Guards (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958) 205; Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 75n. Dunbar was the commander of the 48th Regiment of Foot.
[79] Sargent, Expedition Against Fort Du Quesne, 198.
[80] Wahll, Chronicles, 284; Sargent, Expedition Against Fort Du Quesne, 202.
[81] Peckhamn, The Colonial Wars, 143-147; Sargent, Expedition Against Fort Du Quesne, 262-264; Wahll, Chronicles, 375.
[82] Anderson, Crucible of War, 96-105; Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, 1755-1775, xlv; Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 289; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 252; Lefler and Newsome, North Carolina: The History of a Southern State, 157; Powell, North Carolina Through Four Centuries, 100; Wahll, Chronicles, 443; Paul E. Kopperman, Braddock at the Monongahela (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1977), 93; Dinwiddie to Dobbs, 8/29/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 421-422. Many of the arms taken by the deserting troops were those provided for the colony by the King the year before.
[83] Dobbs to Board of Trade, 5/10/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 343-344; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 5/19/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 346.
[84] Dobbs to Board of Trade, 8/24/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 353-364; Rights, The American Indian in North Carolina, 159; Pargellis, ed., Military Affairs in North America, 1748-1765,133.
[85] Dobbs to Halifax??, 8/25/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 419; Dinwiddie to Dobbs, 6/13/55, NCCR, vol. 5,407408.
[86] Letter of 11/26/1755 quoted in Ward, Unite or Die, 196; Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, 1755-1775, xlvi; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 10/28/55, NCCR, vol. 5,440; NCSR, vol. 23, 422-423; Ekirch, "Poor Carolina", 116; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 12/15/55, NCCR, vol. 5, 461; NCCR, vol. 5, 496.
[87] NCCR, vol. 5, 499; Dinwiddie to Dobbs, 2/5/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 561.
[88] Dobbs to Councillor M'Aulay, quoted in Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 123.
[89] Pargellis, ed., Military Affairs in North America, 1748-1765, 273; Anderson, Crucible of War, 143-149 and 180-181; Osgood, The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century, vol. IV, 382; Peckham, Colonial Wars, 148-155; Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VI, 129; 189-190; Robinson, The Five Royal Governors of North Carolina, 36; Ekirch, "Poor Carolina ", 109; Anderson, A People's Army, 168.
[90] Anderson, Crucible of War, 167-168; Anderson, A People's Army, 168. The British also lost Minorca and Calcutta in 1756.
[91] Dobbs to Fox, 1/5/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 560; Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 131; NCCR, vol. 5, 592594; Dobbs to Board, 7/12/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 602. Fort Johnston later was enlarged and garrisoned by Confederate troops during the Civil War.
[92] Dobbs to Fox, 3/26/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 576-577.
[93] Dobbs to Fox, 1/5/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 560.
[94] Lefler and Powell, Colonial North Carolina, 142; Lee, Indian Wars in North Carolina, 69; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 257-258; Dobbs to Fox, 1/5/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 560; Waddell, Hugh Waddell, 31. The site of Fort Dobbs is a few miles north of the present city of Statesville; a plan or scheme of the fort has not been discovered.
[95] Waddell, Hugh Waddell, 28; Ekirch, "Poor Carolina", 117; Powell, ed., Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, vol. 6, 104.
[96] Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, 1755-1775, li; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 6/14/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 585-586; Dobbs to Loudoun, 7/10/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 599; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 10/31/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 639.
[97] Dobbs to Fox, 1/5/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 560.
[98] NCCR, vol. 5, 795; Dinwiddie to Dobbs, 2/5/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 261-562.
[99] Dobbs to Loudoun, 7/10/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 594-601. For a detailed description of Loudoun's predicament, see Anderson, A People's Army, 179-185.
[100] Saunders, NCCR, vol. 5, 603-604. North Carolina listed 25,965 taxables in 1755, as compared to 43,329 in Virginia for the same year; see Purvis, Colonial America to 1763, 158-159.
[101] Dobbs' rank as major was a provincial appointment while in service in America and was not a promotion in his regular army regiment, the 7th Regiment of Foot, the Royal English Fusiliers.
[102] Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 253; Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 115, 129; Dobbs to Loudoun, 7/10/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 599; Dobbs to Fox, 7/12/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 601; Pargellis, ed., Military Affairs in North America, 1748-1765, 223, 267; Dobbs to Fox, 3/26/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 576; Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, 222-223; Dobbs to Board, 10/31/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 640. The four N.C. companies were commanded by captains Dobbs, Granger, Arbuthnot and McManus.
[103] Dobbs to Loudoun, 7/10/56, NCCR, vol. 5,600.
[104] Dobbs to Board, 10/31/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 638-646; NCCR, vol. 5, 659, 662, 674.
[105] Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 291; Dobbs to Board, 10/31/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 638-646; NCCR, vol. 5, 687. Orders for a twenty gun ship to sail to North Carolina and protect its waters were eventually given in February, 1757. See NCCR, vol. 5, 748.
[106] NCCR, vol. 5, 849. Dobbs to Waddell, Osburn and Alexander, 7/18/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 604-605.
[107] E. Milton Wheeler, "Development and Organization of the North Carolina Militia," North Carolina Historical Review 41 (3): 314-316; Dobbs to Board, 3/15/56, NCCR, 571; NCCR, vol. 5, 566.
[108] NCCR, vol. 5, 736-737.
[109] Dobbs to Board, 10/31/56, NCCR, vol. 5, 638-646; NCCR, vol. 5, 687; Board of Trade to Dobbs, 3/10/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 748-750; Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 135.
[110] Peckham, The Colonial Wars, 155-160; Gertrude Kimball, ed., Correspondence of William Pitt when Secretary of State..., vol. 1 (New York: The Macmillian Company, 1906), xxix; Anderson, Crucible of War, p. 172-179; Osgood, The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century, vol. IV, 389; Parkman, Montcalm & Wolfe, 327.
[111] Kimball, ed., Correspondence of William Pitt, vol. 1, 5, 27; NCCR, vol. 5, 743-744.
[112] Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 137; the conference of governors met from March 15-20.
[113] NCCR, vol. 5, 750-752; Ward, Unite or Die, 62; John R. Alden, John Stuart and the Southern Colonial Frontier (New York: Gordian Press, 1966), 90; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 254.
[114] Dobbs to Board, 3/22/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 753.
[115] Dobbs to Pitt, 4/16/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 755.
[116] NCCR, vol. 5, 830.
[117] NCCR, vol. 5, 830-832.
[118] Dobbs to Board, 5/30/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 761-762.
[119] NCCR, vol. 5, 860; Lefler and Newsome, North Carolina: The History of a Southern State, 157; NCCR, vol. 5, 833; 865.
[120] Ashe, North Carolina, vol. 1, 291; NCCR, vol. 5, 816-817.
[121] Alden, John Stuart, 91; Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 254; Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VII, 31; Kimball, ed., Correspondence of William Pitt, vol. 1, 27. 122 Dobbs to Loudoun, 9/20/57 quoted in Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VII, 33-34;
[122] Dinwiddie to Lord Loudoun, 7/9/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 767; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 5/30/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 761-764.
[123] Gipson, The Great War for Empire, vol. VII, 34; Pargellis, ed., Military Affairs in North America, 1748-1765, 344-345.
[124] NCCR, vol. 5, 603; Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, 1755-1775, xlvii.
[125] Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, 1755-1775, xlviii.
[126] Cain, ed., Records of the Executive Council, 1755-1775, 354-355; Dobbs to Pitt, 12/30/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 792.
[127] Francis Jennings, Empire of Fortune: Crowns, Colonies and Tribes in the Seven Years War in America (New York: W. W. Norton, 1990 edition), 354-357; Anderson, Crucible of War, 173-175; 212-216. See also Eliga Gould, The Persistence of Empire: British Political Culture in the Age of the American Revolution (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), chapter 2.
[128] Parkman, Montcalm and Wolfe, 329; Kimball, ed., Correspondence of William Pitt, vol. 1, 140143.
[129] Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, p. 141.
[130] Dobbs to James Abercrombie, 12/28/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 788-789.
[131] Dobbs to Pitt, 12/30/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 792.
[132] NCCR, vol. 5, 924.
[133] Dobbs to James Abercrombie, 12/28/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 788-789.
[134] Loudoun to Dobbs, 2/13/58, NCCR, vol. 5, 925.
[135] Connor, North Carolina, vol. 1, 231.
[136] NCCR, vol. 5, 957; Dobbs to Board of Trade, 12/27/57, NCCR, vol. 5, 947-948; Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 141; Osgood, The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century, vol. IV, 207-212.
[137] Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, Esquire, 142.
[138] NCCR, vol. 5, 312-313. See also Cain, Records of the Executive Council, p. xxxiii for a succinct analysis of the chronic money shortage problem in the colony.
[139] The Cartagena Expedition in 1740-1741 was a notable exception. See Douglas Edward Leach, Roots of Conflict: British Armed Forces and Colonial Americans, 1677-1763 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1986), 55-57; Peckham, The Colonial Wars, 91; Ashe, History of North Carolina, vol. 1, 261.
[140] Jack Greene, "How the Winners Lost Command," review of Crucible of War, by Fred Anderson, Times Literary Supplement, August 25, 2000, 8-9.
[141] NCCR, vol. 5, 215.
[142] NCCR, vol. 5, 659.
[143] Ibid.
[144] NCCR, vol. 5, 831.
[145] Jack Greene, "How the Winners Lost Command," 8-9.
[146] NCCR, vol. 5, 662.


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