The Guns at Antietam Part I
The fight for the Northern center and left flanks involved the remainder of the Confederate Artillery except for batteries from A.P. Hill's division, who were left behind during his historic march. Longstreet's artillery reserve was key in blunting the Federal assault in the center. Longstreet gathered 20 pieces and used them to halt the Union breakthrough at Piper's Farm after the sunken road position had fallen. The Union had excellent artillery but misused it terribly. It was especially misused in Burnsides' attack on the left. Second Corps' artillery is mentioned in this second segment, as it was involved in the fight for the right as well as the center of the battle.
In this O.B. I have included batteries that did not take part in the actual battle, but have noted this fact.
There is a change in format from last month. The editor has asked that I give the number of guns for both armies rather than just the Confederate, for the sake of consistancy, which I have.
CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA ORDER OF BATTLE
Army of Northern Virginia Gen. Robert E. Lee
Longstreet's Forces Maj. Gen. James Longstreet
Anderson's Division Maj. Gen. R. Anderson
Saunder's Battalion of Artillery: Major J.S. Saunders
Maurin's La. Donaldsonville Arty: 3-64 Smoothbores 1-3" Ordinance 2-10# Parrotts
Phelp's Va. Huger's Norfolk Btry: 1-10# Parrott 2-6# Smoothbores 1-3" Ordnance
Moorman's Va. Lynchburg Btry: 2-20# Parrotts 2- 10# Parrotts.
Thompson's Va. Grimes' Portsmouth Btry: 2-10# Parrott 2-12# Napoleon.
Jones' Division Brig. Gen. D.R. Jones
Artillery:
Brown's Va Wise Artillery 1-12# Napoleon 2-10# Parrotts
Longstreet's Artillery Reserve
1st Reserve Battalion. Col. J. B. Walton
Walton's Washington La Arty:
Squire's "A" 1-10# Parrott 2-3" Ordinances
Richardson's "B" 2-12# Howitzers 2-12# Napoleons
Miller's "C" 2-12# Napoleons 2-12# Howitzers 2-6# Smoothbores.
2nd Reserve Battalion Col. Stephen D. Lee
Lee's Battalion
Woolfolk's Va Ashland Btry: 2-12# Napoleons 2-6# Smoothbores.
Jordan's Va Bedford Btry: 1-12# Howitzer 1-6# Smoothbore 2-3" Ordinances.
Elliots's S.C. Rhett's Btry: 2-10# Parrotts 2-20# Parrotts.
Moody's La. Madison Btry: 2-3" Ordinances 2-24# Howitzers.
Eubank's Va. Bath Btry: 1-3" Ordinance I-12# Howitzer 1-6# Smoothbore.
Parker's Va. Richmond Btry: 2-12 Howitzers 2-3" Ordinances.
Jackson's Forces Maj. Gen. T. (Stonewall) Jackson
Hill's Light Division Maj. Gen. A. Powell Hill
Walker's Artillery Battalion: (Not Engaged) Lt.Co R.L. Walker
Braxton's Va. Fredricksburg Btry: 4-6# Smoothbores 2-3" Ordinances.
Pegram's Va. Richmond (Purcell) Btry: 2-10# Parrolts 2- 12# Napoleons
Crenshaw's Va. Richmond Arty, 1-12# Howitzer 1-12# Napoleon 2-6# Smoothbores.
McIntosh's S.C. Pee Dee Btry: 1-10# Parrott 1-12# Howitzer 1-12# Napoleon 1-3" Ordinance.
Army's Reserve Artillery Bg. Gen. William N. Pendleton
Cutts Battalion: Lt. Col. A. Cutts
Ga. Sumpter Battalion:
Blackshear's "D" 3-12# Howitzers 3-6# Smoothbores.
Lane's "E" 3-10# Parrotts 2-20#Parrotts 1-12# Whitworth.
Patterson's "B" 3-12# Howitzers 3-6# Smoothbores.
Ross' "A" 3-10# Parrotts 2-12# Howitzers 1-12# Napoleon
Jones' Battalion: Maj. H.P. Jones
Page's Va. Louisa Btry: 3-6# Smoothbores 2-3" Ordinances
Peyton's Va. Rich. Orange Btry: 1-3"Ordinance 3-6# Smoothbores 1- 12# Howitzer.
Turner's Va. Gootchland Btry: 6-6# Smoothbores
Wimbash's Va. Long Island Btry: 2-12# Howitzers 4-6# Smoothbores.
UNION ORDER OF BATTLE
Army of the Potomac Maj. Gen George B. McClellan
2nd Corps Maj. Gen. E. (Bull) Sumner
1st Division Ba. Gen. I. Richardson
Artillery:
"B" 1st NY 6-10# Parrotts (Pettitt)
"C" 4th U.S. 6-12# Napoleons (Thomas)
3rd Division Bg. Gen. W. French
Artillery:
"G" 1st NY 4-12# Napoleons (Frank)
"B" 1st RI 6-12# Napoleons (Hazzard)
"G" 1st RI 6-3" Ordinances (Owen)
5th Corps Maj. Gen. F-J. Porter (Only 2nd Div. engaged, rest in reserve.)
2nd Division Gen. George Sykes
Artillery: Capt. Stephen Weed. (Only "I" 5th U.S. engaged)
"I" 5th U.S. 4 3" Ordinances (Weed)
"E,G" 1st U.S. 6-12# Napolcons (Randol)
"K" 5th U.S. 6-12# Napoleons (Van Reed)
1st Division Gen. George Morell (Not engaged.)
Artillery: Capt. Augustus Martin
"C" Mass. 6-12# Napoleons (Martin)
"C" 1st R.I. 6-3" Ordinances (Waterman)
"D" 5th U.S. 6-10# Parrotts (Hazlett)
6th Corps Maj. Gen. W Franklin
1st Division Maj. Gen. H. Slocum
Artillery: Capt. Emory Upton
"A" I st Md 6-3" Ordinances (Wolcott)
"D" 2nd U.S. 6-12# Napoleons (Williston)
2nd Division Maj. Gen. W. Smith
Artillery: Capt. Romeyn Ayres (Not engaged)
"B" 1st Md 6-3" Ordinances (Vannemann)
1st N.Y 6-3" Ordinances (Cowan)
"F" 5th U.S. 6-12# Napolcons (Martin)
Cavalry Division: Bg. Gen. A. Pleasonton Horse Artillery
"A" 2nd U.S HA 6-3" Ordinances (Tidball)
"M" 2nd U.S. HA 6-3" Ordinances (Hains) (Not engaged.)
"B&L" 2nd U.S. HA 6-3" Ordinances (Robertson)
"C&G" 3rd U.S. HA 6-3" Ordinances (Gibson)
Left Wing: Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside
9th Corps Bg. Gen. J. Cox
1st Division Bg. Gen. 0. Wilcox
Artillery: Capt. A.M. Cook
8th Mass. 6-12# Howitzers (Cook) (Not engaged)
"E" 2nd US 4-10# Parrotts (Benjamin)
2nd Division B,-,. Gen. S. Sturgis
Artillery: Capt. George Durrell
"D" 1st Pa. 6- 10# Parrotts (Durrell)
"E" 4rh U.S. 4-10# Parrotts (Clark Jr.)
3rd Division B-. Gen. I. Rodman
Artillery Lt. Col. Charles P. Muhlenburg
"E" 5th U.S. 6-12# Napoleons (Muhlenburg) (Not engaged)
"K" 9th NY 2-12# Dalghren Rifles (Whiting)
Kaiumha Division Col. K. Scanimon
Artillery (Attached by Brigade)
1st Brigade (Scainnion's)
1st 0H Lt Art. 6-10# Parrotts (Robinson)
2nd Brigade (Crook's)
Ky Lt Art. 6-10# Parrotts (Simmonds) (Unattached and not engaged.)
"L&M" 3rd US 4-12# Napoleons (Edwards Jr)
LEGEND
Number is weight of shot.
" means diameter of shell.
Parrotts, Ordinances and Whitworths are rifled pieces.
6# & 12# Napoleons are smoothbored
Howitzers are smoothbored.
Sources
Official Records of the War of the Rebellion
Wise: The Long Arm of Lee.
Assorted Battery and Regimental Histories.
[Besides being a Civil War re-enactor and a member of 154th (Senior) Tenn. regiment in Illinois, Eric edits their newsletter. He is off to Belgium to take part in the Waterloo reenactment, June l8th. He will represent a British private in the 4th regiment foot, 6th Divison, Lambert's Brigade. He has promised us a full report about the action when lie returns. Meanwhile his next article will be about skirmish drill in the American Civil War, and how to recreate it on the table top. Ed.]
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