Agis, king of the Paiaones:
He permitted his people to raid Makedonis following the defeat of Perdikkas III.
Aiakides, son of Arybbas:
Philippos forced him into exile from Epeiros to Athenai with his father.
Alexandros II, son of Amyntas III:
The brother of Philippos and successor to their father, he was assassinated in 368 BC.
Alexandros of Epeiros, son of Neoptolemos:
He was raised to the kingship of the Molossi in Epeiros by his brother-in-law of Philippos in 342 BC.
Alkimakhos:
He was a Makedones general who, with Antipatros and Alexandros, was an envoy to the Athenians following Khaironea.
Amadokos, son of Kotys:
One of the three successors of King Kotys, he received the portion of Thrakios from the Nestos River to the Hebros River, until defeated by Philip Amuntas (Amyntas) III: The father of Philippos, he ruled the Makedones for 24 years until 370 BC, after a period of intense turmoil and rapid successions.
Amyntas:
He was an officer of the Makedones who represented Philippos at Thebai prior to Khaironea (possibly Amyntas III).
Amyntas IV, son of Perdikkas III:
A toddler at his father's death, the Makedones army initially acclaimed him king with his uncle, Philippos, as regent. Later he was deposed and Philippos was acclaimed, although he grew up to be a general under Philippos.
Aphobos, son of Demosthenes:
A brother of Demosthenes and one of his guardians, who Demosthenes sued on reaching his majority.
Archidamos III [Arkhidamos], son of Agesilaos II]:
He was a Eurypontid king of Sparte, who co-ruled from 360 to 338 BC.
Argaios:
He was from a collateral line of the Temenidai and was a rival sponsored by Athenai in 359 BC for the Makedones kingship.
Aristomedes:
Tyrant of Pherai, he was deposed by Philippos.
Aristophon:
An Athenian politician, he opposed the abandonment of Amphipolis by Athenai under the Peace of Philokrates, 346 BC.
Aristoteles (Aristotle):
The son of the court physician to the Temenidai, he was selected by Philippos as the teacher of Alexandros (Alexander the Great) and the royal pages. He also may have been a confidential agent of the king's. He is renowned as a philosopher and naturalist.
Arkhelaos, son of Perdikkas II:
A strong king of the Makedones, his murder set off a cycle of short-lived kings until Amuntas III took the kingship in 393 BC.
Arkehlaos, son of Amuntas III:
Eldest son of Amuntas III, he and his two full brothers were barred from the succession by their father in favor of his second family. Arkhelaos was a rival in 359 BC.
Arsites of Phrygia:
Satrap of Phrygia under Artaxerxes Ochos, on orders from the Great King, he aided Perinthos and Byzantion in resisting Philippos.
Artaxerxes Ochos (Artaxerxes Okhos):
An effective Great King of Persia, he reconquered Egypt and made the western satrapies follow his policies, until poisoned by his vizier, Bagoas, in 338/7 BC.
Arybbas, son of Alketas:
Joint-king of the Molossi, the most powerful of the Hellenic Epeiriote tribes, from 370 and sole king from 360, he was subordinated to his nephew, Alexandros, in 351 BC after a dispute with Philippos. Further intervention by Philippos in 342 BC led to Arybbas' exile.
Atheas:
A king of the Scythians, he appeals to Philippos for help against a neighboring tribe, then insultingly rebuffs the aid. Defeated by Philippos.
Bardulis:
King of a powerful confederation of Illuric tribes, the Dardanians, from c.400 to 358 BC, he dominated the highlands, exacting tribute from the Makedones, until decisively defeated by Philippos.
Berisades, son of Kotys:
One of the three successors of King Kotys, he received the portion of Thrakios from the Strymon River to the Nestos River. Succeeded by his sons Ketriporis, Monounios, and Shostokes in 357 BC.
Chares (Khares):
An Athenian general, notorious for his atrocities at Kerkyra in 361 and his defeat of the Persians on behalf of the western satraps in 355, he opposed Philippos in the Hellespont and was an Athenian strategos at Khaironea.
Charidemos of Oreos (Kharidemos):
A mercenary general who fought both for and against Athenai in Thrakios and for the Great King in the western satrapies, he became an Athenian citizen as a result of being instrumental in favorable negotiations between Athenai and King Kersebleptes. In the aftermath of Khaironea, he was elected strategos.
Daochos (Daokhos):
A tetrarch of Thessalos appointed by Philippos, he was an envoy to Thebai prior to Khaironea.
Deinokrates:
One of a triumvirate of Phokian leaders who led the opposition to Phalaikos.
Demades:
Originally a supporter of Demosthenes, he was persuaded by Philippos in the immediate aftermath of Khaironea to arrange a peace agreement between the king and Athenai. Subsequently, he led the proMakedones faction in Athenai until his exile in 323 BC.
Demophon, son of Demosthenes:
A brother of Demosthenes and one of his guardians, who Demosthenes sued on reaching his majority.
Diopeithes of Sunium:
A mercenary general employed by Athenai, he protected the Athenian colonists in the Khersonesos and raided Makedon territory and allies.
Epaminondas (Epameinondas):
Although one of seven boiotarchs at Leuktra in 371 BC, he was considered the architect of the victory that broke the Spartan hegemony. He led invasions into the Peloponnesos in 370, 369, 366, and 362 in support of Arkadia and Messenia to bridle Sparte. He died in battle at Mantinea in 362 BC.
Eubolos (Euboulos):
An Athenian politician, whose career was at its peak in the 340s, he advocated a Common Peace of Hellenic states to oppose Philippos. His principal associates were Midias, Aischines, and Phokion.
Eurudike (Eurydike):
The mother of Philippos, her second husband was Ptolemaios of Aloros.
Hegesippos:
An Athenian politician, who was an associate of Demosthenes, he worked to defeat compromise with Philippos.
Hermias:
The tyrant of Atarneos in Mysia, opposite the island of Lesbos, his moderate regime was essentially independent of Persia. He negotiated, with the help of Aristoteles, an understanding with Philippos. Whatever might have been made of this agreement, it was stillborn when Hermias was captured by a ruse and executed by order of the Great King in 341 BC.
Hyperides (Hupereides):
An Athenian politician who was consistently anti-Makedones, despite having been a pupil of Isokrates. He successfully prosecuted Philokrates for corruption in 343 BC.
Iason of Pherai:
Tyrant of Pherai, he overawed the rival cities of Pharsalos and Larissa with her mercenary army to become tagos of Thessalos. At Thebai's request, he brought his army to their aid after Leuktra. He was assassinated in 370 BC.
Ismenias, son of Ismenias:
Companion of the Theban leader, Pelopidas.
Isokrates:
His school of rhetoric in Athenai influenced generations of Athenian politicians. He sought Hellenic political unity, and argued that the Hellenes should attack Persia. He addressed a succession of strong leaders, seeking the one who could achieve unification: Agesilaos of Sparte, Dionysios of Syrakuse, Iason of Pherai, and, finally, Philippos Makedon.
Kallias:
One of a triumvirate of Phokian leaders who led the opposition to Phalaikos.
Kallias of Khalkis:
An ambitious leader who sought to create a league of Euboian cities. He succeeded for a time with the assistance of Athenai. Following Khaironea, he went into exile.
Kallikron of Amphissa:
He represented Amphissa at the Amphiktyonic Council, where he was outmaneuvered by Aischines, causing Amphissa to be condemned.
Kassandros, son of Antipatros:
Eldest son of Antipatros, he came into his own during the struggles of the Successors after the death of Alexander the Great. In 305 BC, he declared himself king of the Makedones.
Kersebleptes, son of Kotys (or Kersobleptes):
One of the three successors of King Kotys, he received the portion of Thrakios from the Hebros River to the Propontis, but excluding the Khersonesos. In 342 BC, Philippos completed his subjugation of the Odrusai kingdom and took Kersebleptes prisoner.
Ketriporis, son of Berisades:
Inheriting a portion of Berisades' kingdom, he lost a dispute with the Hellenic city of Krenides when the citizens called for help from Philippos (357 BC). Later Ketriporis allies with Athenai, the Paiaones, and Illurol The coalition is defeated by Philippos an~ Parmenion, and Ketriporis was forced to acknowledge Philippos as his overlord.
Klearchos (Klearkhos):
A Makedon senior officer, who acts as an envoy of Philippos to Thebai prior to Khaironea.
Kothelas:
King of the Getae, a Thrakiote tribe occupying an area between the Haemos mountains and the Euxine Sea, he allied with Philippos, and gave a daughter in marriage to the Makedon king.
Kottyphos of Pharsalos:
Appointed president of the Delphic Amphiktyony through the efforts of Philippos, he led a lackluster campaign against Amphissa at the outset of the Fourth Sacred War.
Lysikles:
An Athenian politician and general, he was one of the Athenian strategoi in command at Khaironea.
Mausolos of Halikarnassos, son of Hekatomnos (Maussollos):
He ruled Karia, a satrapy, from 377 to 353 BC. He supported Byzantion, Rhodos, Khios, and Kos in their revolt against Athenai (the Social War).
Myrtale (Olympias):
Principal wife of Philippos and mother of Alexandros, she was a princess of the Epeiriote Molossi. Named Myrtale, on her marriage she assumed the name Olympias.
Olympias (Myrtale):
Principal wife of Philippos and mother of Alexandros, she was a princess of the Epeiriote Molossi. Named Myrtale, on her marriage she assumed the name Olympias.
Onomarchos (Onomarkhos):
Leader and chief general of the Phokians after the death of Philomelos, he revived the fortunes of Phokis in the Third Sacred War. He defeated Philippos twice in Thessalos, but went down to utter defeat on their third encounter. His body was crucified.
Pausanias the Exile, son of Pausanias:
A Temenid exile from a collateral branch, he sought the kingship of the Makedones, using Berisades as his sponsor. Outmaneuvered by Philippos, he was likely assassinated in 358 or 357 BC.
Pelopidas:
Famous as leader of the Sacred Band at Tegyra (375) and Leuktra (371), he was with Epaminondas, instrumental in driving out the Spartans. Later he campaigned against Alexandros of Pherai and Alexandros II of the Makedones. His arbitration in Makedonis led to Philippos being one of the hostages in Thebai. He died in battle in 364 BC at Kynoskephalai.
Perdikkas III, son of Amuntas:
An older brother of Philippos, he ended the regency of Ptolemaios of Aloros and succeeded to the kingship of the Makedones. He died in battle against the Dardanians in 359 BC.
Phalaikos:
Became ruling general of Phokis in 351 BC, but was deposed in 347 by a triumvirate, then regained power in 346. He negotiated with Philippos the safe conduct of his army, leading to the close of the Third Sacred War. He later died in battle while a mercenary.
Phayllos:
After his brother Onomarchos' death, Phayllos succeeded to the command of Phokis by doubling the mercenaries' pay. With the help of Athenai and Sparte, he prevented Philippos from passing through Thermopylai in 352 BC. Died of illness the following year.
Philokrates:
An Athenian politician who initially opposed peace negotiations with Philippos after the destruction of Olynthos. In 346 BC, Philokrates led the Athenian embassy to Philippos. He secured a peace agreement that ultimately was accepted by the Athenians. In 343, Philokrates was prosecuted for corruption and fled Athenai.
Philotas, son of Parmenion:
One of the sons of Parmenion, he had a successful career as a Makedon cavalry general. In 330 BC, he was condemned for treason and executed by King Alexandros.
Phokion:
An Athenian general and politician, he was elected general 45 times between 371 and 318 BC. He was a skilled orator, and advocated peace with Philippos in support of Eubolos, Aischines, and Demades. After Khaironeal he helped arrange the peace agreement.
Polyeuktos:
An Athenian politician and supporter of Demosthenes.
Proxenos:
A Theban politician and general, who commanded troops at Amphissa.
Ptolemaios of Aloros (Ptolemaios Alorites):
A magnate at the court of Amuntas III, he became the king's son-in-law. Later he married the king's widow and acted as regent for Perdikkas III. He may have had a hand in the assassination of Alexandros II.
Pythias:
Wife of Aristoteles and niece of Hermias.
Simos:
Of the Aleuadai clan, he ruled Larissa with such a heavy hand that Philippos intervened and exiled him.
Sophanes:
One of a triumvirate of Phokian leaders who led the opposition to Phalaikos.
Stratokles:
The general who ordered the Athenian advance at Khaironea.
Therippides:
A family friend of Demosthenes' father and one of his guardians, who Demosthenes sued on reaching his majority.
Thrasydaios:
A tetrarch of Thessalos appointed by Philippos, he was an envoy to Thebai prior to Khaironea.
Macedonia Personalities
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