Graduating from the University of Virginia in June, 1861, he remained to study military tactics and was commissioned Captain in the 9th Texas in September and assigned to the Army of the Mississippi. He first saw action at Shiloh, and after that he succeeded to command of the 9th. His conspicuous leadership made him an inviting target for Federal sharpshooters, and as a result, he received a variety of wounds.
At Stones River, he had two horses killed beneath him and received a minie ball in the shoulder; during the Vicksburg campaign, he was wounded in the thigh; a few months later, he was shot in the chest at Chickamauga. At Kennesaw Mountain, he was wounded in the neck and jaw, but despite his afflictions, he replaced the more severely wounded Ector during the battle and was successful enough to be promoted to Brigadier General C.S.A.
Sent to Allatoona when Hood went to Tennessee, he was shot in the ankle and had his horse killed under him, and was captured on October 5, 1864. He spent four months in Federal hospitals and another five months in the prison camp at Johnson's Island, Ohio. Released in July, 1865, he became a lawyer and real estate operator in San Antonio.
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