While browsing, not for the first time, through your book WARGAMES, I came upon the following passage: " ... few, if any, wargamers actually fire cannon at their troops - having spent many hours making and painting model soldiers it is a foolhardy collector who permits them to have pieces of metal rod flung forcibly in their general direction." I am sure that you, an enthusiast, will be interested in the following, and will therefore forgive me writing. For a number of years it was my good fortune to serve on the beautiful island of Madeira, where I was privileged to meet the late Dr. Jardim, a well-known literary figure in Portugal. Dr. Jardim's lifelong hobby was wargames, and as he was, I think, in his ninety-first year when he died in 1970, it might be assumed that he was playing before the turn of the century. Many years ago he wrote a book called "MANDOLIA - A game for lovers of model soldiers" which I believe was published in Lisbon. In the book he described how his game developed from his youth, when for many years he played with hand painted, cut out, card figures, on a trestle table, until by the time of the 1914-18 war, the country of "Mandolia" with realistic terrain had come into being on his estate at Canico in Madeire, and wars with lead soldiers were being "played" on a scale that I would not think possible in this country, or in this day and age. As I write, I have in front of me the manuscript of Dr. Jardim's own translation of "MANDOLIA" into English, kindly loaned to me by his son, Senhor Alberto Jardim. A large part of the book consists of extracts from the 'Chronicles' (of which there are said to be many volumes) being bulletins written up daily, with maps and photographs, as campaigns progressed over more than thirty years. For rifle fire Dr. Jardim used small lead shot, two at a time propelled by catapult; small explosive 'bombs' (Chlorate of potash) of size the ending upon calibre of gun, for artillery. Incendiaries as well as minute land mines were also employed. The longest and most elaborate war appears to have lasted from 1st August 1924 until 13th November 1927, with actual play taking place on a total of eighty days, although all troops and material remained on the field throughout the three year period. Total casualties during this war were recorded as 4209, which did not include missing -- a considerable number, no doubt, being washed away or otherwise lost during the times when play was impossible during winter rains. I should mention that by the rules, a man falling on his back was accounted wounded, and after a certain number of missed turns could return to active service, whereas an unfortunate falling on his face had 'had it' and was returned to the melting pot for reincarnation. The above will give you some idea of the scale on which the game was played. Ibelieve you would find this manuscript most interesting, not merely because of the rules themselves, of which nearly 300 are listed, but because of the history itself and the probability that it may have evolved quite independently from H.G.Wellst early papers. It is more than twelve years since I was taken to the battlefields of "Mandolia" but at that time, although peace had reigned for a quarter of a century, sighs of past strife could still be discovered in the rank grass and overgrown shrubs. The remains of the armies, totalling from 5000 men (plus masses of guns, vehicles and other equipment, to the weight of more than a ton) are now in the possession of my good friend Senhor Alberto Jardim, in Madeira. He visits this country at least once a year, and usually brings a couple of dozen or so soldiers for me to repaint.' (I should mention now that I am not a wargamer, but for many years have obtained much enjoyment from painting model soldiers - though very indifferently, I am afraid). All the troops are 54mm. There are a few hollow cast by Britain, but the vast majority are solids, probably of French manufacture, with plug in heads and very delicately featured faces. In the main they represent German, French and French Colonial. Unfortunately, from the point of view of the restorer, all rifle, side arms and even packs, have been carefully removed to be made readily detachable in the event of capture; this makes renovation rather laborious. Back to Table of Contents -- Wargamer's Newsletter #146 To Wargamer's Newsletter List of Issues To MagWeb Master Magazine List © Copyright 1974 by Donald Featherstone. This article appears in MagWeb (Magazine Web) on the Internet World Wide Web. Other military history articles and gaming articles are available at http://www.magweb.com