Uniforms of the
Seven Years War

A General Guide

by John Boadle

Firstly I would like to correct a few points about the Austrian and Prussian armies.

AUSTRIA

Hungarians did not always wear blue trousers. Trousers, and braided waistcoats were in the facing colour. Barrelled sashes and sabretaches were often worn. The coat front was braided. The Croats, etc., looked rather like dismounted Hussars, but wore infantry equipment and puttees. All cuirassiers wore red facings and often red breeches (the Modena regiment wore blue). No back plates were worn. Hussars wore multicoloured uniforms with fur caps and coloured boots. Artillerymen wore brown and red cuffs. Jagers and Pioneers wore the same uniform with a sort of cut-down Grenadier cap. Officers' sashes were striped black and yellow. There were no Lancers.

PRUSSIA

Breeches and waistcoats were most often cream. There were no Grenadier regiments, but even Fusiliers had Grenadier companies. Coat tails were always red. Shoulder lace was worn only by Dragoons on their cornflower blue coats. Belts were white or buff and most regiments had lace on the lapels. There were both Foot and Mounted Jagers, all wearing boots. The officers' sashes were silver. Artillerymen wore Fusilier helmets.

AUSTRIAN ALLIES

RUSSIA

The infantry wore green coats with red facings, waistcoats and breeches. Belts were dark buff. The Grenadiers of the Guard wore a huge mass of feathers atop their caps. Officers wore green breeches and a black-orange-silver sash. The uniforms were radically changed in 1760. Facings now being in regimental colours, and breeches and waistcoats in pale shades. There were four regiments of "Pandours" like the Croats. Cuirassiers wore white coats, red waistcoats and heavy gauntlets. Dragoons wore cornflower blue coats. There were five Hussar regiments plus Irregular Cossacks. These latter wore loose dull-coloured clothes, fur caps and coloured sashes. They carried lances. Artillery and "Artillery Fusiliers" wore red uniforms. black facings and Fusilier caps.

FRANCE

Most (85 regiments) infantry wore white coats but a few wore blue or red. Facings and waistcoats were coloured but breeches and belts were white. The Gerdes francaises wore blue coats; red breeches, waistcoats and facings and white lace. Grenadiers wore fur caps. The artillery wore blue with red facings. There were no Cuirassiers, but a vast mass of heavy cavalry (35 regiments) wearing blue, red, grey or white coats. Dragoons wore red or blue, but by 1762 green uniforms and small crested helmets had started to come in. The Hussars all wore bright blue with white braid and various facings.

BAVARIA

Bright blue coats and breeches, red, yellow, white, maroon or black facings and waistcoats. Buff belts. Austrian style cavalry.

SAXONY

White or grey coats, red, yellow, blue or green facings and waistcoats, white breeches, belts. Grenadier Guards - red with yellow. Polish infantry wore red coats. Cavalry - Austrian style. Polish Lancers - long white coats, red, yellow or blue cuffs and trousers.

Many other German States on both sides wore Prussian-style uniforms. On Prussia's side were:

    Brunswick Two regiments with red facings, one with white, one with yellow.

    Mecklenburg Red facings with yellow breeches and waistcoats.

On Austria's side were:

    Von Roder Regiment - pink facings

    Baden-Baden Regiment - white facings

    Ferentheil - red

    Hessen-Dormstadt Kreis Regiment. - white

The Hessen-Dormstadt Garde du Corps cavalry wore cream coloured coats and breeches, red facings and waistcoats and busbies with silver plaques. The Schaumburg-Lippe Carabiniers wore black coats, iron caps with fur bands, shoulder armour, red cuffs and turnback edges, buff breeches, gauntlets and turnbacks. Upper Rhein Artillery wore all green uniforms with brass buttons.

PRUSSAIN ALLIES

Apart from the tiny States mentioned above there was only Britain and Hanover.

The Infantry of both States wore red coats and breeches. Facings and waistcoats were of various colours. Royal Regiments had blue facings and breeches. The whole was heavily laced in the regimental pattern. Highlanders wore tartan kilt and plaid, short red jackets and blue bonnets.

Belts were white or buff. Gaiters were brown or grey in the field. With the exception of the Horse Guards, cavalry were uniformed like the infantry, with buff belts. The Scots Greys wore white belts and Grenadier caps. Each regiment had a light company and there were also Light Dragoons. These wore a crested vergion of the Prussian Fusilier cap (roughly speaking). Officers and sergeants wore dark red sashes. Hanoverian Dragoons wore white coats.

In general, gaiters could be black or white and buttons brass or pewter. Hats were usually edged in the button colour. Cuirasses were shiny black with coloured cloth edges. Drummers wore heavily braided coats, often in reversed colours. Officers wore sashes, braid and gorgets and carried espontoons (short pikes). Sergeants also wore sashes and carried pikes.


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© Copyright 1972 by Donald Featherstone.
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