[1] Irving Kristol, "After the War, What?" Wall Street Journal, February 22, 1991, p. A10. [2] Leslie Gelb, "No More Hawks and Doves," The New York Times (National Edition), October 8, 1992, p. A12. [3] Russell Watson, et. al., "It's Our Fight Now," Newsweek, December 14, 1992, p. 31. [4] "Do It Right in Somalia." The New York Times (National Edition), December 1, 1992, p. Al 4. [5] William Pfaff, "Redefining World Power," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 70, No. 1, 1990/1991, p. 46. [6] Colin L. Powell, "U.S. Forces: Challenges Ahead," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 71, No. 5, Winter 1992/93, p. 36. [7] Jack C. Plano and Milton Greenburg, The American Political Dictionary, Ninth Edition, New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovitch, 1993, p. 25. [8] Boutros Boutros-Ghali, "Empowering the United Nations," Foreign Affairs Vol. 71, No. 5, Winter 1992/93, p. 99. [9] Watson, "It's Our Fight Now," p. 35. [10] Security Council S/RES/771, August 13, 1992, New York: United Nations, 92-37972.  [11] Frank Blodgett, "The Future of U.N. Peacekeeping," Washington Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 1, Winter 1991, p. 212. [12] Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace: Preventive Diplomacy, Peacemaking, and Peace-Keeping, New York: United Nations, 1992. [13] Reprinted as George Bush, "Resolving Global Conflicts and Disarmament: Building Economic Partnerships," in Vital Speeches of the Day, Vol. 59, No. 1, October 15, 1992, pp. 2-5. [14] Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace, pp. 26-27. [15] Thomas L. Friedman, "In Somalia, New Criteria for U.S. Role," The New York Times (National Edition), December 5, 1992, p. 1. [16] Yezid Sayigh, Confronting the 1990s: Security in the Developing World, Adelphi Papers No. 251, London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1990, p. 16. [17] Boutros-Ghali, "Empowering the United Nations," pp. 93-94. [18] Kenneth H. Keller, "Science and Technology," in Nicholas X. Rizopoulos, ed., Sea Changes: American Foreign Policy in a World Transformed, New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press, 1990, p. 129. [19] Reprinted in Micah L. Sifry and Christopher Cerf, eds., The Gulf War: History, Documents, Opinions, New York: Random House, 1991, pp. 155-156. [20] Strode Talbott, "Post-Victory Blues," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 71, No. 1, 1991/92, pp. 62-63. [21] Martin Indyk, "Watershed in the Middle East," Foreign Affairs, Vol. 71, No. 1, 1991/92, p. 73. [22] Security Council S/RES/688, April 5, 1991, New York: United Nations, 91-11134. See also Talbott, "Post-Victory Blues," p. 65. [23] Sayigh, Confronting the 1990s, p. 26. [24] Security Council Resolution 771 (1991), p. 1. [25] "Bush Talk on Somalia: We Must Do It Right," The New York Times (National Edition), December 5, 1992, p. 4. [26] "Intervention in Somalia: White House and U.N. Muddy the Mission," The New York Times (National Edition), December 4, 1992, p. A14. [27] . Powell, "U.S. Forces," p. 40. [28] Stanley Hoffmann, "The Case for Leadership," Foreign Policy, No. 81, Winter 1990, p. 29. [29] For a discussion, see Talbott, "Post-Victory Blues," p. 56. [30] Boutros-Ghali, "Empowering the United Nations," pp. 98-99. [31] William Safire, "Right to Intervene," The New York Times (National Edition), November 30, 1992, p. A11. [32] For a general discussion of the role of human rights in American foreign policy, see David Lewis Cingranelli, Ethics, American Foreign Policy and the Third World, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993, pp. 172-186 and pp. 189-191. [33] For an overview, see Donald M. Snow, Distant Thunder: Third World Conflict and the New International Order, New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992, pp. 181-192. [34] Sifry and Cerf, eds., The Gulf War, pp. 155-156. [35] Talbott, "Post-Victory Blues," pp. 59, 69 [36] .Friedman, "In Somalia," p. 1. [37] Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace, pp. 11 -19. [38] Ibid., pp. 11, 20-27. [39] Fred Hartmann and Robert Wendzel, Defending America's Security, Washington: Pergamon-Brassey's, 1988, pp. 314-315. [40] See Snow, Distant Thunder, pp. 130-135, for a discussion of the differences. [41] Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace, pp. 11, 28-31. [42] For the characteristics of peacekeepers, see Blodgett, "The Future of U.N. Peacekeeping," p. 209, and Brian Urquhart, "Beyond the `Sheriff's Posse,"' Survival, Vol. 32, No. 3, May/June 1990, p. 198. [43] Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace, pp. 11, 32-34. [44] Sir Robert Thompson, Make for the Hills: Memories of Far-Eastern Wars, London: Lee Cooper, 1989, p. 204. [45] Blodgett, "The Future of U.N. Peacekeeping," p. 208.  [46] Todd R. Greentree, The United States and the Politics of Conflict in the Developing World, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State Center for the Study of Foreign Affairs, August 1990, p. 6. [47] For a comprehensive description, see Peacekeeper's Handbook: International Peace Academy, New York: Pergamon Press, 1984. [48] "Save at Least Some Bosnians," The New York Times (National Edition), November 25, 1992, p. A12. [49] For an overview, see Donald M. Snow, Third World Conflict and American Response in the Post-Cold War World. Carlisle Barracks, PA: Strategic Studies Institute, 1991. [50] For example, see Georges Abi-Saab, The United Nations Operation in the Congo, 1960-1964, Oxford, U.K.: Oxford University Press, 1978, and Major General Carl von Horn, Soldiering for Peace, New York: David McKay Company, 1967. [51] Boutros-Ghali, "Empowering the United Nations," pp. 90-91. [52] Powell, "U.S. Forces," p. 38. [53] Greentree, The United States and the Politics of Conflict in the Developing World, p. 36. [54] Ibid., p. 13. [55] Reprinted in Donald M. Snow, The Shape of the Future: The Post-Cold War World, Armonk, New York: M E Sharpe, 1991, p. 213. [56] Charles Krauthammer, "Somalia: Doable, and Worthy," Tuscaloosa News, December 13, 1992, p. 11 A. [57] Richard Szafranski, "Thinking about Small Wars," Parameters, Vol. 20, No. 3, September 1990, p. 44. [58] This warning is sounded in Greentree, The United States and the Politics of Conflict in the Third World, p. 23. [59] Ibid., pp. 5, 40. [60] Sayigh, Confronting the 1990s, p. 10. Back to Table of Contents Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peace-Enforcement: The US Role in the New International Order Back to SSI List of Issues Back to MagWeb Magazine List © Copyright 1993 by US Army War College. This article appears in MagWeb (Magazine Web) on the Internet World Wide Web. Other articles from military history and related magazines are available at http://www.magweb.com