I.J.N. Submarines (I-171)

29 January 1942, I.J.N. submarine I-171 under command of Kplt. T. Kawasaki, sank the American steamer ROYAL T. FRANK two miles west of Maui. This was the only attack initiated by Kapitänleutnant T. Kawasaki and also the only attack from I-171, although this boat was in the war for two more years.

On or about 3 Feb. 1944, I-171, then under command of Shimada, was en route from Rabaul to Burma when she disappeared without a trace. There are no reports of American ASW attacking any submarines in that area at that time, so she was likely victim of a marine casualty.

Italian Submarines ONICE

21 May 1941 the Italian submarine ONICE under command of CC Gustavo Lovatelli, launched torpedoes at two destroyers and after hearing what were most probably end of run detonations, claimed hits on two destroyers. There was no confirmation. This was the only action initiated by Lovatelli in World War II.

23 March 1942, ONICE, now under command of CC Bruno Zelik, launched torpedoes at a destroyer and after a run time of three minutes, heard a detonation and claimed the sinking of a destroyer. No confirmation. This was the only attack initiated by Zelik during World War II, and the last from ONICE although the submarine lived out the war, was a reserve ship for some time, then broken up in 1947.