24 July 1942 the Italian submarine GIULIANI under command of CF Giovanni Bruno, fired a two-torpedo spread against what he claimed to be a 10,000 ton two-funnel freighter. He heard one detonation; no confirmation.

10 August 1942 GIULIANI (still under Bruno) sank the 5,444 ton British motorship MEDON.

13 August 1942 GIULIANI sank the 5,441 ton American steamer CALIFORNIA with torpedo and deck gun.

14 August 1942 GIULIANI sank the 5,218 ton British steamer SYLVIA de LARRINAGA.

The full name of this submarine was REGINALDO GIULIANI and she was lost in 1943 in the Pacific.

Japanese Boats

20 Nov. 1944 the IJN submarine I-47 under KL Z. Orita attacked what they thought was an American cruiser but sank the 11,316 ton American fleet oiler USS MISSISSINEWA with a Kaiten. The pilot of the Kaiten was Lt. Nishina. 20 November 1944, I- 47 attacked what they assumed to be an American cruiser with another Kaiten. The pilot of the Kaiten was Lt. Fukuda. No confirmation. 20 Nov 1944, I-47 attacked what they believed to be an American battleship with a Kaiten. It was actually the light cruiser USS MOBILE. The pilot of the Kaiten was Lt. Sato. 20 Nov 1944, I-47 attacked what they believed to be an American battleship with a Kaiten. It was actually the light cruiser USS BILOXI. The pilot of the Kaiten was Lt. Watanabe.

HARRY's NOTE - If you don't already know, a Kaiten was a one-man submarine whose nose was heavily loaded with high explosive. The Kaiten was the Japanese Navy's version of the Kamikaze planes. Naturally, the pilot of a Kaiten did not return from his mission, which was designed to be a one-way trip.

12 January 1945 I-47 launched four Kaitens against American ships at Hollandia. Three of them detonated in rapid succession in the vicinity of the steamer PONTUS H. ROSS. Orita observed smoke columns & heard an SSS radio broadcast, and so assumed sinking four ships for which he did receive credit. It is possible that the concussion of the first explosion triggered the others which were very close. Names of the Kaiten pilots are not available.

1 May 1945 I-47 launched four torpedoes against an American convoy, heard three detonations and assumed two transports sunk. No confirmation

2 May 1945, I-47 launched two Kaitens against two American transports, heard 2 detonations after twenty-five minutes and assumed two transports sunk. Twenty-two minutes after launching two more Kaitens against the American escorts, one detonation was heard. The transport USS CARINA was slightly damaged - no other damage or sinkings. Names of the Kaiten pilots not available. This was the last patrol under Orita.

21 July 1945, I-47 (now under KL S. Suzuki) launched a Kaiten against the 7,607 ton American attack transport USS MARATHON and damaged the ship. The name of the Kaiten pilot is not known. There exists the possibility that I-367 rather than I-47 actually inflicted this damage.