Italian Boats

14 June 1942, the Italian sub GIADA (seen here on patrol in 1942) under command of TV Gaspare Cavallina, attacked the aircraft carrier EAGLE and heard three detonations and thought he had hit the carrier. He did not, but it is possible that he damaged the tanker BROWN RANGER.

On 23 January 1943, GIADA attacked what Cavallina described as an 18,000 ton steamer. Although he heard two detonations (57 seconds then 61 seconds) there was no confirmation. These were the only attacks launched by GIADA or Cavallina even though GIADA survived the war. She was temporarily re-named PV-2, put back into service in 1952 and finally discarded in 1966.

Japanese Boats

April 1945, the I.J.N. submarine I-44 under Kplt. Seiji Masuzawa, was moving into position to attack American warships off Okinawa by use of their KAITENS, but was sunk before launching. The Japanese Naval Staff assumed successes even though Masuzawa did not report in. This was the only attack by I-44 or Masuzawa in World War II.

On 28 October 1944 the I.J.N. submarine I-45 under KpIt. Mamoru Kawashima, sank the 1,350 ton USN destroyer escort USS EVERSOLE at 10. ION x 127.28E. I-45 was quickly attacked and sunk by another DE, USS WHITEHURST. This was the only attack by 1-45 or Kawashima in WWII.