The Neo-Babylonian army fought primarily against the Assyrians until the collapse of the Assyrian Empire in 605 BC. During this period, Babylonia was either part of the Assyrian Empire or in rebellion often with Elamite and Arab allies. The Babylonian Empire occupied much of the former Assyrian territory until conquered by the Persians in 539 BC. There were two revolts (522-521 BC and 482 BC) against the Persians. The army was similar to that of the Assyrians with an important chariot corps supported by cavalry and close order infantry. These included an estimated 5000 guards or Qurubuti similar to those of Assyria. Aramaean and Chaldean tribes provided the bulk of the forces with the majority being archers. Equipment and tactics were similar to those of Assyria, dress may have been more distinct for the tribal units.

Neo-Babylonian 750-539 BC
Unit	Quantity	Trained?	Armor	Weaponry	Morale	Figures	Cost
CinC	1	T	HCh	J/B	E	1	60
General	0-4	T	HCh	J/B	E	1	45
Chariot	4-12	T	HCh	J/B	W	1	17
	Extra to upgrade 1/2 HCh to Veteran						+1
	Extra to upgrade 0-4 Veteran HCh to Elite as Qurbuti Guard						+2
Cavalry	4-12	T	LAC	1/2 L/SH or L/B, 1/2 B	W	3	12
	Extra to upgrade to HC					0-12	+1
	Extra to upgrade 0-4 Veteran HC to Veteran as Qurbuti Guard						+1
Guard	0-8	T	LAI	SP/SH	V	4C	7
	Extra to upgrade above to HI						+1
Spearmen	8-24	T	UI	SP/SH	W	4C	4
	Extra to upgrade above to LAI						+1
Archers	8-24	T	UI	B	W	4C	3
Chaldeans	8-48**	T	UI	J or B/SH	W	4L	4
	Extra to double arm up to 1/2 Chaldeans with J and B						+1
Skirmishers	4-12	U	SI	B or J	W	2	1
	Extra to give SH to javelin-armed SI						+1
	Reduction to downgrade any or all W to P						-1
Hoplites	0-8	T	HI	LSP/SH	W	4C	8
	Extra to give J to Hoplites						+1
Elamite Ally	1*	U	HCh	2xB	V	1	42
Elamite Chariot	0-4*	U	HCh	2xB	V	1	17
Elamite Chariot	2-8*	U	MCh	B	W	1	12
Elamite Cavalry	0-12*	U	LAC	J/B	W	3	10
Elamite Infantry	2-4*	U	UI	J/B/SH	W	3	4
Elamite Archers	8-32*	U	UI	B	W	3	2
Skirmishers	0-6*	U	SI	J or B/SH	W	2	1
Auxiliaries	0-6*	U	UI	J/SH	W	3	3
Arab Ally	1*	U	LACm	B	V	3	34
Arab Camels	4-16*	U	LACm	B	W	3	8
	Extra to give above a second archer						+1
Arab Camels	2-8*	U	SCm	B	W	2	4
Arab Infantry	6-16*	U	SI	J	W	2	1
Mede Ally	1*	U	HC	B/J	V	3	-
Median Cavalry	*	U	HC	B/J	V	3	-
Median Infantry	*	U	LAI	1/2 J/Sh, 1/2 B	W	3	-
Skythian	0-6	U	SC	J/B/SH	W	2	5

Notes:

The Qurubuti formed the personal guard of the king and his family. The chariots (qurubute narkabtu shepe) and cavalry (qurubute sha pithalli) being the most important elements. Qurubuti can not be used after 539 BC.

Cavalry can be given J instead of L, but all must be so armed.

The majority of the infantry were archers including skirmishers. Archers and spearmen can be mixed in equal numbers representing the Assyrian style units. Alternatively, Chaldean infantry can be fielded with 1/2 of each unit double armed. This represents an alternate interpretation of Babylonian infantry. Each such unit replaces an equivalent number of spearmen and archers.

All Babylonian troops except Qurubuti can be downgraded to Poor representing militia, conscripts and hastily raised troops. During the Assyrian and Persian domination, Babylonian forces were probably largely replaced by troops loyal to Assyria or Persia. Any rebellion would be dependent on levies from the anti-Assyrian/Persian population.

Hoplites represent any Greek type mercenaries that may be dual armed.

Elamites may only be used as allies and all troops marked * must be used. They can not be used after 539 BC. A maximum of 12 Arab camels may be used without other Arab troops. These represent local and mercenary units rather than allied contingents.

Medes may only be used as allies and all troops marked * must be used. Medes were allies during the final campaigns against the Assyrians and may be used between 626 and 610 BCE.