Dr. Edward J. Drea wrote this Leavenworth Paper while he was a research fellow at Combat Studies Institute, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. A graduate of Canisius College, he received his master's in history from Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan, and his doctorate in history from the University of Kansas. He lived and studied in Japan for six years. His Air Force service included tours in Japan and Vietnam. He is the author of The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan (1979) and Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939, Leavenworth Paper no. 2 (1981). In December 1983, Dr. Drea became assistant director of the Historical Services Division at the U.S. Army Military History Institute, Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013.