(1818-1886) American soldier born at Wilmington, NC, of an old Mass. family. Educated to be a lawyer, h preferred soldiering and fought as a volunteer against the Red Indians in Florida and in the Mexican American War. IN 1858, made Lt. Col., and rose to be a Major General of the CSA during the American Civil War (1861-1865). Post ACW, he entered the banking business, but in 1869 joined the Khedivial service and was appointed inspector-general of the Egyptian Army with the rank of liwa. In 1875, he was in charge of coast defense, and in 1876 appointed second in command and chief of staff to Muhammad Ratib Pasha in the disastrous 1876 campaign against the Abyssinians--attributing the defeat to disorganized staff. Promoted to Fariq, he left Egyptian service in 1879 and retired to the US, died in New York. Back to The Heliograph #120 Table of Contents Back to The Heliograph List of Issues Back to MagWeb Master Magazine List © Copyright 2000 by Richard Brooks. This article appears in MagWeb (Magazine Web) on the Internet World Wide Web. Other military history articles and gaming articles are available at http://www.magweb.com