[ Editor's Note: Harold Andrews died several years ago. This is his last submission to TEM, which has patiently waited for an appropriate time to publish. It was originally designed for the Spain and Portugal module. Players with an interest in planned German operations in Spain might like to compare his synopsis of German OBs with those compiled in FWtBT.

You might notice, as we did, a few anomalies in the orders of battle. We have not tried to resolve these, as Harold never intended for any of these to be tightly designed scenarios, but frameworks from which players could begin to work and play out their own developments. ]

These orders of battle are derived from Germany's Military Strategy and Spain in World War II by Charles B. Burdick, published by the Syracuse University Press in 1968. 1 have taken most of the wording and summaries right from his book, sort of a Readers Digest Condensed version for Europa. These lists are not playtested nor balanced, just an attempt to provide Europa with the best historical data available. All scenarios were developed with full Spanish cooperation with the Axis envisioned, unless otherwise indicated.

Scenarios:

FELIX	August 1940 - February 1941
FELSENNEST-BASTA	November 1940
FELIX-HEINRICH	March 1941 - October 1941
ISABELLA	May 1941 - May 1942
ILONA	July 1942 - October 1942
GISELA	October 1942 - July 1943
NURNBERG	June 1943 - June 1944

I have taken the counters from Fall of France, Second Front Playtest OB, Scorched Earth, Fire in the East, Marita-Merkur, Their Finest Hour, and Spain & Portugal. References will be made as to what game they are found in. Some other counters must be made and/or identified. Units to be made or identified

100th Pz X
2ndPz Art III
Border Guards, Spanish Border
1st Mot Art III
Artillery Schools
Security Rgt from Paris
HG Brigade from Jul 42 thru Oct 42
345th Res Pz Gr XX
386th Mot Inf XX

Unidentified units from any other game:

Various artillery units for FELIX and FELIX-HEINRICH Various air units

Various common support units (engineers, AA, etc.)

Note: "Brunhile Division"' was a term used to describe any divisional unit transferred to the West for rebuilding and refitting. These divisions were instructed to provide a reinforced infantry regiment with sufficient manpower and immediate mobility to respond to any alert on 48 hours notice (similar in concept to Europa cadre strengths).

Rule changes:

Rail Movement: The Spanish rail system required twelve and one half days to move a German division in 1940. So, only one division or 3 REs can use rail movement in Spain per turn.

Basque Partisans: If Germany occupies Northern Spain, the Basque Nationalists should probably get either units or the opportunity to make a number (?) of sabotage die rolls.

FELIX: Aug 40 To Feb 41

Available forces.

Aug I 40

1x 3-8 Mtn III	[any]
1x 2-6 Inf III	[any]
1x 2-8 Eng III (2 Combat Eng Bns)	[any]
11 x Art III	[various]

Note: These include hv AA and 21cm Morser units.

1x 0-1-5 III

either 18, 43, or 84

Oct II 40

XLIX Corps HQ (forming in Munich)

1x 3-8 Mtn III	98
1x 3-10 mot Inf III	GD
1x 2-8 Eng		[any]

Plus 26 medium and heavy artillery battalions to be split into two training groups: one at Orleans region under 44 Artillery Command, one at Tours-Niort- Poitiers under 105 Artillery Command

To provide flank support against a British landing:

XXXIX Corps

1x 8-10 mot Inf XX	Tkpf (SS)
1x ?-10 PZ		16
1x 5-10 mot Inf XX	16
9 medium artillery batteries

Deployment Plans:

XLIX Corps would march Irun-Burgos-Salamanca-SevillaJerez de la Frontera Gibraltar.

XXXIX Corps would send Totenkopf Mot XX (SS) to Sevilla, 16th Pz XX to Bejar-Blasencia-Caceres (Portugal), and 16th Mot XX to Sahayou- Medina de Rioseco-Palencia (Portugal).

Naval Support, available November 1940:

16.4cm naval battery stationed at Irun
15cm special naval battery "Gneiseau" to Irun

Deploy captured French 16.4cm battery to Boucan
9x 7.5cm batteries to Barritz
1x 7.5cm battery to St. Jean de Luz

Suggested placement of heavy batteries in Spain in Malaga, Cadiz, Vigo and Barcelona, plus (if necessary) Porto and Lisbon.

For the Straits of Gibraltar:

8x 17cm guns
3x 24cm guns
3x 26cm guns

For the Canary Islands: 3x 15cm guns

Luftwaffe Deployment: The initial request was for two squadrons of recon aircraft, sufficient dive bombers to engage Gibraltar and the British fleet, fighter groups for support and aerial cover over the assembly areas, and five AA battalions. The Luftwaffe offered two dive bomber wings, one fighter wing, and sufficient AA, later committing to Ju-88s for initial bombing and more AA units.

Aircraft assembly area was to be at numerous airfields around Bordeaux with Vill Air corps providing 800 aircraft and three heavy and three light AA battalions. Aircraft would use designated Spanish airfields around Seville with Ju-88s driving off British fleet. After this task was completed,, Ju-87s would replace them on these airfields flying an anticipated six missions per day. The air force expected to overwhelm the defenders flying off the tiny Gibraltar airstrip.

2x Ju88
2x Ju87 B
1x Me 109E (Squadrons 2, 27, 77)
3x 1-10 mot hv AA battalions AA=2 (LW)
3x 0-1-10 mot It AA battalions AA=1

Defense of Bayonne the assembly areas, transport routes, and vital Hendaye-Irun Railroad Bridge included:

1x 8-6 Inf XX II
3x 2-0-R RR Art II 679,694,765
1x 0-6 RR Eng III
Naval Artillery Battalion 601 'Gneiseau'
Naval Artillery Battalion 602 'Schamhorst'
3x Me 109E (3 Fighter Groups)

Plus as many supplemental AA units as possible. Jan II 41:

1st Mtn XX released for Albania.

FELSENNEST- BASTA: November 1940

The plan 'called for the troops to pose as members of the "Spanish Legion" using Spanish equipment, arms and uniforms. They would then close assault the heavy fence and the road running alongside the North side of the rock, paving the way for the Mountain regiment. Later modifications had these troops pose as sailors landing as survivors from a sinking transport in the harbor, coming ashore on the British zone attacking in conjunction with the assault by the mountain troops.

In game terms use one of the 0-8 battalions of Brandenburgers from FitE in the attack force. Modifying the die roll by perhaps +I as a factor of surprise.

FELIX-HEINRICH: Mar 41 Oct 41

By mid-July 1941, the demands of the Eastern front, added to 'the problem of supplying and moving these units through the poor Spanish rail system were staggering. POL estimates ran to about ten percent of total stockpile earmarked for Russia, this would require 50 trainloads of gasoline alone, plus 8 trainloads for food. Sea transportation routes were considered and Naval officers feared the British control of the sea around Gibraltar was too strong to risk shipping.

In the initial planning stages, implementation was projected to take 90 days, but by late 1941 estimated to take the same forces was 180 days.

Deployment by choice of time using above criteria

XLIX Corps (Gibraltar assault force)
1x 4-10* mot Inf X GD
1x 3-8 Mtn III 98
29 of 111 Artillery II's from the East Theater.

XVI Corps 2x 10-10 Pz XX 5, 11
1x 6-10 mot Inf XX 29
19 hv artillery batteries

Deployment Plans:

11th Pz XX around Valladolid, 5th Pz XX around Plasencia near Portugal, 29th Mot Inf in general reserve.

(FitE players can ponder the effects of withdrawing 25% of your artillery in late 1 941

ISABELLA: May 1941 May 1942

Designed to resist a British landing on the Iberian Peninsula, or a landing in Spanish Morocco or an assault from Gibraltar, which would give British control over strategic sea routes.

This plan considered that Portugal and Vichy France would not act and that Spain could not resist an invasion by itself

The mission was designed to support the Spanish, and if they didn't fight, destroy the invasion or repel it, seizing the ports on the Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic coasts and if the option proved itself, set up for an attack on Gibraltar.

XXXI Corps 3x 7-6 Inf XX 88,223,225
XXVI Corps
3x 7-6 Inf XX 20,212,227
1x 7-10 Pz X 100

General Reserve 1x 7-6 Inf XX 216
1x 2-6 Inf III any

Note: This unit represents 67 III of the 333rd Inf XX.

These units were some of the best units in France and a considerable amount of relocation would have to be done to cover their positions.

Relocation of other divisions in France to provide coverage for this deployment were to be as follows:

708th Static XX to the Angouleme-Liboure Area.

715th Static XX to the area South of Archanon- West of Dax.

709th, 712th, and 716th Static XXs to the Rouen-LeHarve-Lisieux to replace 225th and 227th XXs.

330th and 340th XXs to replace 208th and 216th in coastal positions.

Movement to Spain:

The panzer brigade plus 208th and 227th divisions would entrain at Paris, Lille, and Cambrai and move by the rail line Paris-Orleans-BordeauxHendayne. The 216th and 215th divisions would board at St. Lo and Amiens, then move by rail LeMans-Saumur-Saintes-Bordeaux- Hendayne. Other units would march to assembly areas:

223rd Inf XX	move toward Virgo- La Coruna
679th Inf III	would hold Santander, Bilbao, and San Sebastian
88th Inf XX	to the southwest of Valladolid
225th Inf XX	to the north of Valladolid
216th Inf XX	in reserve at Burgos (23-1905)
208th Inf XX	to the southwest of Madrid
100th Pz X	to the southwest of Madrid
212th Inf XX	to the southeast of Madrid
208th Inf XX	to the northeast of Madrid

Jun I 41

Redeployment of the following units was suggested to place them within 10 days march of the border:

88th XX to Biarritz
708th XX to Labouheyre
715th XX to Angouleme
212nd XX to Dax
223rd XX to Bordeaux
333th XX to Leboume
305th XX to Royan

Jun I 41

Assignments of Naval Artillery Groups "Dora" and "Fritz"

"Dora" was assigned to XXXI Corps and was to deployed as:

4x 16.4 cm guns at Bilbao (hex 17-2933)
4x 34 cm guns at El Ferrol/La Coruna (Hexes 23:0313 and 23:0314)

"Fritz" was to be held as Army Reserve for special use (composition not known).

Jun II 41

"Gneisenau" naval battery ordered moved to St. Jean de Luz. Planned deployment routes:
223rd XX and Naval Artillery would move Hendaye-Irun-Burgos-San Sebastian-La Coruna-Vigo.
XXXI Corps (88th, 223rd, 225th XXs) and 216th XX would move Hendaye-Irun-Burgos-Valladolid.
XXXVII Corps with 207th and 208th XXs would advance UstaritzPamplona-Guadalajara.
212th XX would move St Jean Pied de Port-Pamplona-La Almermio de la Codiva-Madrid.

Jul I 41

100th Pz X with 88th Inf XX and 212th Inf XX would deploy into Spain into the area of Valladolid and Madrid. Other units would move as soon as they could; 223rd Inf XX would follow in nine days.

Aug II 41

2nd Pz XX available on Aug 11 and Sep I (11-10) moving to Russia.

Sep I 41 Withdraw to Southeast:
1x 7-6 Inf XX 216
Full:
1x 12-10 Pz XX 22

Oct I 41 Arrive:
1x 7-6 Inf XX 227
Withdraw to East:

227 Inf XX to Russia Oct I replaced by 71st Inf XX

Dec II 41

XXXI Corps
2x 12-10 Pz XX 22,23
1x 2-6 Inf III [any]
Note: a breakdown III of 333 d Inf XX.
1x 1-5 Sec III Paris (or any)

XXV Corps
3x 8-6 Inf XX 5,28,71
1x 5-6 Inf XX 337

(Note: 5th Inf XX withdrawn Nov 11 41 FitE); 8th Inf XX withdrawn Nov I 41 FitE.

1x 8-6 Inf XX 71
1x 5-6 Inf XX 337

Deployment Plans:

One regiment of 333rd Inf XX is to occupy Bilbao Santander.

22nd pZ XX is to create a defense line from San Sebastian to Pamplona supported by 333th Inf XX and 71st Inf XX serving as XXXI Corps.

XXV Corps with 23rd Pz XX and 5th and 28th XXs held in reserve at the border.

Jan I 42

Withdraw XXV Corps with 5, 337, and 28 Inf XXs.

The 332 Inf XX (5-6) moving into the LeMans area could replace 337 XX

Feb I 42

Withdraw to East:

1x 12-10 Pz XX 22

Note: This leaves 23rd Pz XX and 332nd Inf on the right flank and 71st Inf XX plus one regiment of 333rd Inf XX on left flank.

Mar I 42
Withdraw to East:
1x 12-10 Pz XX 23

Mar II 42

XXXI Corps:
2x 5-8 Pz Cadre 6,7
1x 6-6 Inf XX 370
1x 5-6 Inf XX 336
Immediate Reserves:
1x 6-6 Inf XX 371
1x 3-6 Inf Cadre 15

General Reserve:
1x 5-8 Pz Cadre 10

Apr I 42

24 Pz XX (12-10) occupies Bilbao); (this unit withdraws to Russia Jun 142)

336 (5-6) and 305 Inf (5-6) XXs to hold Logrono and Miranda del Ebro crossings of Ebro River.

May I 42

Withdraw to East:
2x 5-8 Pz Cadre 6, 10
1x 5-6 Inf XX 336
1x 3-6 Inf Cadre 15

Jun I 42
Withdraw to East:
2x 6-6 Inf XX 370,371
1x 12-10 Pz XX 24

ILONA: Jul 42-Oct 42

LXXXIII Corps:
2x 12-10 Pz XX 6,7
1x 8-6 Inf XX 15
1x 7-6 Inf XX 161
1x ? Naval Art II Fritz
1x 0-1-5 Cons III [any]
1x ?-8 Art III 671

LXXX Corps:
1x 5-6 Inf XX 327
2x 4-5 Static XX 708,715

SS Corps at Libourne:
Bordeaux: 1x 9- 10 mot Inf XX Das Reich (SS)
Centras: 1x 7-10 PzG XX AH (SS)
Cognac: 1x 7-6 Para-Inf XX 6 (LW)
Argouleme: 1x 11-10 Pz XX 10

Reserves:
1x 7-6 Inf XX 182 Inf XX
1x 6-10 PzG X HG (LW)
1x 3-10 mot Inf III HG (I-W)
1x 3-10 mot Hv AA III? any (LW)

1x 3-6 Inf Cadre 23

Luftwaffe:

9 combat air units of various types

Jul I 42
Deployment Plans:

6th Pz XX and 7th Pz XX were to move to Bilbao and Vitoria, the infantry swinging along the southern flank in the direction of Parnplona after securing the Pyrenees passes, and establish a defensive line Santander-Ebro-Zaragoza holding here for reinforcements. The only immediate movement of reserves to deploy forward was the HG X moving to a position near Bordeaux, then forward as necessary.

Aug I 42

Additional Deployment Plans:

LXXX Corps with 327, 708, and 715 XXs would defend the French coast South of the Loire to the border, protecting the flank and rear of the assault.

LXXXIII Corps would move in a line Bilbao-Vitoria Santander-Haro.

Aug II 42

Arrive:
1x 5-6 Inf XX 337
or possibly:
1x 7-6 Inf XX 257

Sep I 42

Withdraw to East:
1x 7-6 Inf XX 161

The early summer had gone well, Rommel was at El Alamein, threatening the Suez canal. In August both Sevastopol and Rostov had fallen. During September, a junior officer of SS Regiment "Langemark", reported his briefcase stolen containing several important papers. OKW quickly switched the name of the plan to GISELA.

GISELA: October 42 - July 43

Once again Gibraltar plagued Germany and Hitler, a whole Spanish army was isolated in Africa, the Spanish coast was now threatened on the Mediterranean side, and Spain might rethink it's supportive position of the Axis.

The Germans pondered the next Allied offensive: Italy, the Balkans, or the Iberian Peninsula? Hitler was convinced that Spain was the most logical choice. However things were not going well - the Russians had just broken the German hold on Stalingrad. Manpower not moving east was either flying into the Tunisian bridgehead or marching into previously unoccupied France. Troops were deployed at the lowest possible manpower levels, relying heavily on the Italians for occupation troops.

Jan I 43
LXXXVI Corps:

1x 14-10 Pz XX 26
1x 6-10 Mot Inf XX 386
Note: 386thh formed late 1942; used to rebuilt 3rd PzG XX.

1x 6-10 Res PzG XX 345
Note: 345th formed late 1942; used to rebuild 20th PzG XX.
1x 4-5 Static XX 715
1x 3-2-8 Art III 621

LXVI Corps:
1x 5-5 Static XX 338
1x 5-6 Inf XX 39
1x 7-6 Inf XX 106
1x ?-8 mot Art III 1

Reserves:
1x 4-8 Pz Cadre I
Note: Elements of 1st Pz XX withdraw Jan I 43
1x 2-6 Inf III (any]
Note: This is a regiment of a Brunhilde XX
1x ?-8 motorized Art III
2x 7-6? Inf XXs
Designated Artillery Schools units

Additional Forces:

Brunhilde XX from LXVII Reserve Corps (3 rd or 29th ?)
999th lnf X

Reinforced III from 325th Sec XX (use any 1-5 Sec III) Artillery from Schools at Suippes, Agdi, and Autun Naval Artillery Units

Deployment:

LXXXVI corps was to occupy the harbors at San Sebastian, Bilbao, Santander and Barcelona by crossing the border between coast and Roncesvalles Pass and move to a line running BilbaoVitoria-Pamplona. They would then drive to the northern coast Gijon-El Ferrol-Vigo or swing toward Valladolid. LXVI Corps would move Puigeerda-CerberoBarcelona, then deploy against a Mediterranean landing or as needed.

715th XX would advance on St Sebastian and Bilbao, 386th Inf XX on to Gijon followed by 345th Inf XX. 26th Pz XX by rail from Belgium to border directly to Valladolid latter reinforced by 338th Inf XX.

Feb II 43
Changes

9th SS XX is to move east to the Channel instead of to Chalons-surMarne.

Available units of Pz III HG move from Germany to France.

LXXVI Corps reinforcements:
44 th Inf XX (10-6 or 5-7-6?) and 305th Inf XX .

Mar I 43
Withdraw to East: 1x 7-6 Inf XX 106

Apr I 43
Withdraw to East: 1x 5-6 Inf XX 39

Apr II 43
Changes

24th Pz XX replaces 26th PZ XX. (This forming, not full until Jul 143. Use a Pz cadre plus a regiment.

The 326th, 328th, and 338th Inf XX are replaced by 256th and 355th Inf XX.

Events in other theaters by late June left no hopes for offensive action in Spain. Units under refit from Russia could barely cover assigned positions in France. On Jun II 43, plans were started for the defensive measures known as NURNBURG.

NURNBERG: Jun 43 -Jun 44

A proposed surprise attack on Gibraltar using radio-directed flying bombs by aircraft from Marseilles was rejected by Hitter with the thought that if any bombs failed the technology would fall into British hands. By June, Hitler was convinced that only a defensive line was feasible, so a defense of the Pyrenees was planned, closing the Spanish frontier and countering any landing in the Bay of Biscay or South of France.

Jun II 43

Use of 320th Static XX (5-5) and Frontier Border Guards (Use a 2-3-4 Static XX Group for Europa purposes)

Sep II 43

Same as June but with an additional division from IV Luftwaffe Field Corps.

Oct I 43

Response Unit is changed to 189th Res XX (4-5).

The original plan called for a reinforced regiment from both 148th Res XX and 159th Res XX, but both were reassigned and job handed to 189th division.

Dec II 43

Defensive positions requiring four divisions from the Garonne River to the Canal du Midi, three major defensive positions were chosen at CasteInaudary, Carcassonne, and Lezignan but required too many men. The plan was amended to positions at La Reole, Marmade, Agen, Toulouse, Villefranche, and Carcassonne, assigning four infantry regiments and three artillery battalions to these. Seeing that 189th XX would be spread too thin the following two plans were developed.

Jan I 44

Response Force to a Primary Landing:
1x 4-5 Res XX 189
1x 7-8 Res Pz XX 273
2x 5-7-6 Inf XX 276,277
1x 2-3-4 Sec XX Frontier

Response Force to a Diversionary Landing:
1x 4-5 Res XX 189
1x 5-7-6 Inf XX 272
1x 2-6 Eng III 601

Feb II 44

The Allied buildup in Africa suggested a threat to the southern French coast forcing the movement of 27th Inf XX and 277th Inf XX to 19th Army with 9th SS XX in general reserve.

Berlin also considered reviving GISELA at this point using two panzer and four infantry divisions to repel an invasion rather than wait in the mountains

Mar II 44
Response units changed to:
1x 4-5 Res XX 189
3x 5-7-6 Inf XX 272,276,277
1x 2-3-4 Sec XX [any]

These were the final plans with units being moved constantly to bolster manpower shortages, until June 1 44 when concerns about the Iberian Peninsula simply didn't matter anymore.