Part I

The Europa series attempts to accurately simulate the national forces involved in each campaign. As a result, game counters are labeled according to the actual nomenclatures used by each nation to designate its military forces. In Second Front, this treatment becomes unusually complex. The main culprit is the large amount of named unit identifications created by Germany during the Reich's final defense.

As discussed briefly in the previous issue, the late-war German armed forces became increasingly composed of named units instead of purely numbered entities. The Waffen-SS units favored titles based on National Socialist appellations related to Nazi sentiments or their intrinsic ethnic compositions. The German High Command special-use and garrison forces often contained titles related to geographical control or administrative specialization. Other categories like the SS-Polizei and Hitler Youth added another mix of named components to the stew of counter labels.

This article contains Part II of the German unit identification list printed in the last issue. The previous segment covered the German Army, Air Force, and Navy. This article explains titles used by the German High Command (or the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht. OKW), and National Socialist Party military contingents of the Waffen-SS, SS-Polizei, and Hitler Youth in the game.

The combined list contained in these articles is designed to facilitate game play. Many German World War II era designations are not only difficult for an English-oriented audience, but also represent outdated political terminology for modern Germans. Furthermore, most terms have to be abbreviated to fit the small size of the actual counters.

In an attempt to make these German terms more "friendly" to the user, the German High Command, SS, and Hitler Youth unit titles in Fire in the East/ Scorched Earth /Second Front are listed, along with their abbreviations and an explanation in English. For bilingual purposes, German terms are translated in the manner deemed most appropriate to standard World War II usage. Thus, Jager is translated into Light Rifle instead of Hunter. Karstjager, for instance, becomes Rough Terrain Light Rifle, instead of a geologicalmilitary combination translated literally as Chalky Formation Hunter. Some late-war Waffen-SS titles are obscure, such as Kama (an old German word for a Persian-Turkish "dolch" or dagger) or Gombos (variously attributed to different Hungarians having the same last name). This listing also conforms to standard Europa treatment of German terms by dropping umlauts without substitution of the diphthong. For example, Jager (with two dots over the "a") is written as Jager instead of Jaeger. This policy harmonizes the translation treatment for all foreign words by rendering English approximations without special marking substitutions for other languages (for example, Europa does not use special Finnish or Hungarian dialectical marks either).

German named designations are foreign and often complex, but they can also be quite interesting. When understood, these individual titles add much to the enjoyment of the gaming experience. Hopefully, this article will help transform more tiny squares of cardboard into uniquely valuable playing pieces on the Europa mapboard. The author wishes to thank Fred Helfferich for sharing his authoritative expertise in helping to compile the German translations.

Glitches discovered in last issue: "Kaiserlautern" should be "Kaiserslautern", and "Eisnerne Tor" should be "Eisernes Tor" (Fred notes the latter translation because of the absence of the article "clas" in front of the term).

OKW
Abw II Abwehrabteilung II "Sonderdienst" (Intelligence Section III Special Service)
Altmrk Altmark (Old March, historically important in the development of Brandenburg and eastern Germany)
Baden Baden (Baden, Germany)
Bchn Buchenland (Bukovina, disputed Polish-Rum.-Sov. border region with ethnic Ger. minority since 1206)
Bdpst Budapest (capital of Hungary)
Bessr Bessarabien (Bessarabia, disputed Rum.-Soviet border region with historic ethnic German minority)
BKJ Brandenburg Kustenjager (Brandenburg Coastal Light Rifle)
BLA Brandenburg Legionars Alexander (Brandenburg Alexander Legionnaires)
Br Brandenburg (unit barracks in Brandenburg, Germany)
Br Al Brandenburg Alarm (Brandenburg Emergency Reaction)
BrLr Brandenburg Lehr (Brandenburg Instruction)
Brnia Barania (Baranja in Vojvodina region of Yugoslavia, containing ethnic Ger. minority introduced 1718)
Btska Batschka (Batcka in Vojvodina region of Yugo., containing ethnic German minority introduced 1689)
Burgd Burgund (Burgundy)
DESK Deutsche Eisenbahn Sicherungs Kroatien (German Railroad Security in Croatia)
DESS Deutsche Eisenbahn Sicherungs Sirmien (German Railroad Security in "Turkish Hungary')
DESW Deutsche Eisenbahn Sicherungs Wien (German Railroad Security, Vienna)
Dobr Dobrudscha (Dobruja in coastal Rumania, containing ethnic German minority)
DRB-AS Deutsche Reichsbank Abwehrstelle (German Reich Bank Special Security, a combination of counterintelligence and defensive protection for the Reich gold treasure)
EWR Ehrenwache Wehrmachtbevollmachtigter beim Reichsprotektor (Honor Guard of the High Command Deputy for Bohemia-Moravia)
Farben Interessengerneinschaft Farben Aktiengesellschaft or I.G. Farben A. G. (the Farben Interests Joint Stock Company, a chemical and heavy industrial conglomerate)
FJK Feldjagerkorps (Field Jager Corps)
Flick Friedrich Flick Kom ma nditgesel Ischaft (Friedrich Flick Limited Partnership, a massive German steel and coal industrial conglomerate)
Freif Freifeld (1940-era German "Free Field' settler colony at Biala Podlaska, Poland)
Funfk Funfkirchen (10th Century German settlement at Pecs, Hungary)
GH Gottscheer Hochland (historic German colony founded 1360 at Kocevje, Yugoslavia)
Hessen Hessen (Hesse, Germany)
HGW Hermann Goring Werke, the popular name for Reichswerke Hermann Goring (the Goring Works factory system of Goring's personal business empire)
Holstn Holstein (Holstein, Germany)
Hrmn Hermannstadt (German settlement founded 1160 at Sibiu, Rumania)
HSS Habsburg-Saybusch Schutzwach (Protective Guard for the Hapsburg estate at Zywiec, Poland)
Kh-Kam Kholm-Kamien (1940-era German settler colony at Chelm, Poland)
KK-FHQ Kampfkommandant des Fuhrerhauptquartiers (Battle Command of the Fuhrer's Headquarters)
KrLr Kurfurst Lehr (Kurfurst Instruction; an historic title of patriotic significance)
Krnst Kronstadt (German settlement founded 1211 at Brasov, Rumania)
Kroat Kroat (Croatian)
Krupp Krupp Aktiengesellschaft or Krupp A. G. (Krupp Joint Stock Company, major heavy industrial company.
KSSIw Kommandant der Schutzzone in der Slowakei (Defense Zone Command in Slovakia)
KSO Kampf- und Sabotage-Organisation (Combat and Sabotage Organization)
Kulm Kulmerland (WW2 German settler colony in occupied Polish region claimed as part of West Prussia)
Kurrhn Kurrhein (Rhine Electorate, Germany)
Litzm Litzmannstadt (German name for Lodz, Poland)
MOel Mineral-Oel (Petroleum)
Niedwd Niederwald (Niederwald Monument to Germania near Rudesheim, erected in 1883)
Nosld Nosnerland (12th Century German settlement in Rumania, in the northern Siebenburgen region)
NSFW Lr Nationalsozialistische Fuhrungsstabe der Wehrmacht Lehr (National Socialist Instruction Staff of the Army)
Ost-OS Ost-Oberschlesien (East Upper Silesia)
Ost-Sdt Ost-Sudetenland (1940-era German settler colony in central Czechoslovakia)
RAD Reichsarbeitsdienst (Reich Labor Service)
Reichm Reichsheim (1940-era German 'Reich Home" settler colony at Majdan, Poland)
RH Rombacher Huttenwerke GeselIschaft mit beschrankter Haftung or Rombacher Huttenwerke G.m.b.H. (Rombacher Foundries Limited Liability Company, a Nazified ex-French industrial corporation in occupied Lorraine)
Rhl Rubenhugel (codeword)
ROK Russkiy Okhranniy Korpus (Russian Security Corps)
Sachsn Sachsen (Saxony, Germany)
Salm-H Prinz Karl zu Salm-Hordomar (Germano-Hungarian nobleman)
Sandm Sandomir (1940-era German settler colony at Sandomierz, Poland)
Sayn-W Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein (Germano-Hungarian nobleman)
Sdl Siedlungs (Settler)
Sdlc Siedlice (1940-era German settler colony at SiedIce, Poland)
Siebgn Siebenburgen ("Seven Cities* of German settlement during 11th and 12th Centuries in eastern Europe, primarily located in Transylvania)
SK S Sonderkommando Sauerbrey (Special Command Sauerbrey)
Slwk Slowakei (Slovakia)
SS-R Schusselsoldaten-Roma ('Key' Soldiers of Rome, designated after the crossed keys of the Papal coat of arms)
STrl Sudtirol (South Tyrol, German-inhabited region within Italy claimed by Greater Germany)
SV Sonderverband (Special Unit)
Tirol Tirol (Tyrol, region in both Austria and Italy and claimed entirely by Greater Germany)
Trans Transsilvania (Transylvanian region of Rumania, containing German ethnic minority since 12th Century)
Ungarn Ungarn (Hungary)
USM Untersteiermark (Lower Styria, part of Yugoslavia claimed by Greater Germany)
VD Volksdeutsch (ethnic German)
Vorp Vorpornmern Korps (Griefswald Nordischern Insitute Swedish-German volunteer force)
WAG Wintershall Aktiengesellschaft or Wintershall A. G. (Wintershall Joint Stock Company, a large German industrial concern)
Warth Warthenau (1940-era German settler colony at Zawiercie, Poland)
Wchsl Weichsel (Vistula)
West Westmark (Western March of Greater Germany around occupied Sarrebourg, France)
WS Werkschutzen (Factory Guard)
WP Westpreussen (West Prussia)
vK von Koenen (commander)
zbV zur besonderen Verwendung (for Special Purposes)
Zich Zichenau (1940-era German settler colony at Ciechanow, Poland)
Zips Zipser Deutschtum (Zips Germandom, a 12th Century German colony in Czechoslovakia)

WAFFEN-SS
AL Alpenland Oberabschnitt (Alpine District)
ASA Alvensleben-Schonborn Abteilung (Alvensleben-Schonborn Detachment guarding the estate)
B/B Beneschau/Bohmen (Beneschau Training Center south of Praha, Bohemia)
Bobr Bobruysk (Bobruisk)
BuIg Bulgarien (Bulgaria)
BM Bohmen und Mahren (Bohemia and Moravia; western Czechoslovakia)
Bw Bewahrung (Rehabilitation)
CM Charlemagne ('Karl der Grosse* or Charles the Great, 768-814, King of the Franks)
D Deutschland (Germany)
DMB Danzig-Matkau Bewahrung (Danzig-Matkau Rehabilitation)
Dan Danmark (Denmark)
DF Der Fuhrer (The Fuhrer)
Dietz Dietz (commander)
Dirle Direlwanger (commander)
Donau Donau Oberabschnitt (Danube District)
DR Das Reich (The Empire)
Dtsch Deutschland (Germany)
Elbe Elbe Oberabschnitt (Elbe District)
Estn Estnische (Estonian)
F Frundsberg (Georg von Frundsberg, 1473-1528, German national hero)
FG Florian Geyer (1490-1525, German national hero)
FgIn Fegelein (Hermann Otto Fegelein, 1906-1945, Nazi cavalry hero, shot for desertion toward war's end)
Flndrn Flandern (Flanders)
FI W Flamisches Wach (Flemish Watchguard)
Fr Franzosische (French)
FW Fulda Werra Oberabschnitt (Fulda Werra District)
G Germania (ancient Germany)
Germ Germania (ancient Germany)
Glau Glau (Training Center south of Berlin)
Gm Gombos (Julius Gombos, 1886-1936, pro-German Hungarian national figure)
Gross Gross (Grand)
GvB Gotz von Berlichingen (1480-1562, German national hero)
H Hohenstaufen (medieval Swabian dynasty)
Ha Handschar (Bosnian Scimitar)
HdIgr Heidelager (Training ground near Debica, Poland)
HJ Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth)
Hu Hunyadi (Johann Hunyadi, 1385-1456, Hungarian national hero)
HW Horst Wessel (1907-1930, Nazi Party hero)
Itst Italienischer Sturm (Italian Assault)
Kama Kama (Bosnian dagger)
KJ Karstjager (Rough Terrain Light Rifle)
Klotz Klotz (commander)
KM Kurmark (Training Center at Lubbinchen, Germany)
KV Kalevala (Finnish epic saga)
KWB Karstwehr Batallion (Rough Terrain Defense Battalion)
Lett Lettische (Latvian)
LM Langemarck (World War I battle of 18 Oct - 30 Nov 1914 glorified in Nazi literature by the participation of 'Jungen Freiwilligen' student volunteer regiments)
LHS Lehr Hochgebirgsschule (High Mountain School Instruction)
Lr St Lehr Sturm (Assault Instruction)
Main Main Oberabschnitt (Main District)
Mitte Mitte Oberabschnitt (Central District)
LSN Landstorm Nederland (Netherlands Militia)
LSNed Landstorm Nederland (Netherlands Militia)
LSSAH Leibstandarte-SS Adolf Hitler (Adolf Hitler's Body Guard)
Ltz Lutzow (Freiherr Adolf von Lutzow, 1782-1834, German national hero)
MrIgr Moorlager (Training Center in occupied Poland)
MTh Maria Theresa (1717-1780, Queen of Hungary and Bohemia)
N Nord (North)
Ndr Niederlande; Nederland (Netherlands)
NL Nordland (Northland)
NO Nordost Oberabschnitt (Northeast District)
N-O Nord-Ost (Northeast)
Norw Norwegen (Norway)
NS Nordsee Oberabschnitt (North Sea District)
NW Nordwest Oberabschnitt (Northwest District)
Ost Ost (East)
Ostsee Ostsee Oberabschnitt (Baltic Sea District)
PE Prinz Eugen (Prince Francois Eugene of Savoy, 1663-1736)
Pol Polizei (Police)
Reich Reich (Empire)
RFSS Reichsfuhrer-SS (Reich Leader Heinrich Himmler)
RFSS Bg Reichsfuhrer-SS Begleit (Reich Leader Escort)
RFSS St Reichsfuhrer-SS Sturm (Reich Leader Assault)
Rum Rumanien (Rumanian)
RW Rhein-Westmark Oberabschnitt (Franco-Rhine District)
Schill Schill (commander)
Seelgr Seelager (Training Center near Riga, Latvia)
Sjlld Sjaelland (Danish name for island of Seeland)
Sk Skanderbeg (1405-1468, Albanian national hero)
Spree Spree Oberabschnitt (Spree District)
SS Schutzstaffel (Nazi Party Protective Echelons that took over various security aspects of the German state apparatus within the government of the Third Reich)
Sud Sud Oberabschnitt (South District)
Sudost Sudost Oberabschnitt (Southeast District)
SW Sudwest Oberabschnitt (Southwest District)
T Totenkopf (Death's Head)
Tatar Tatar (Tartar)
TK Totenkopf (Death's Head)
Totkpf Totenkopf (Death's Head)
TSS Teinitz Scharfschutzen (Teinitz Sharpshooters)
V Verfugungs (Special Duty)
W Wiking (Viking)
Wach Wach (Watchguard)
Wal Wallonien (Walloon)
Wal W Wallonische Wach (Walloon Watchguard)
Warthe Warthe Oberabschnitt (Warthe District)
Wchsl Weichsel Oberabschnitt (Vistula District)
West West Oberabschnitt (West District)
WP Westpreussen (Training Center at Sophienwalde in former Polish corridor)

SS-POLICE:
AdrK Adriatisches Kustenland (Adriatic Coast)
AlvP Alpenvorland (Alpine area near Bolzano, Italy)
Dirle Direlwanger (commander)
DrKuh Dr. Kuhhas (commander)
Drmgn Dormagen (commander)
Drshna Drushina (Druzhina or "Bodyguard' anti-communist Russian faction)
Eck Eckhardt (commander)
Engl Englisch (commander)
Fischr Fischer (commander)
Franz Franz (commander)
GGvt Generalgouvernement (General Government)
Grch Greichenland (Greece)
GvG General von Gottberg (commander)
Handl Handl (commander)
Htsch Hitschler (commander)
Jilski Jilski (commander)
Kam Kaminski (commander)
Kntrp Kintrup (commander)
Mascus Mascus (commander)
May May (commander)
Mckdly Mackeldey (commander)
NT Neu-Turkestan (New Turkistan)
Oberlt Oberitalien (Upper Italy)
OM Ostmuselmanische (East Moslem)
Prtzmn Pruetzmann (commander)
RHSt Reichshauptstadt (Reich capital, Berlin)
Riga Riga (Riga, Latvia)
ROst Reichskommissariat Ostland (Reich Commissioner, East Land)
RUKr Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Reich Commissioner, Ukraine)
Scheer Scheer (commander)
Schl Schlesien (Silesia)
Serbn Serbien (Serbia)
ST Sucltirol (South Tyrol)
Ukr Ukrainischen (Ukrainian)
vdB von der Bach (commander)
Wolff Wolff (commander)
Wolter Wolter (commander)

HITLER YOUTH:
AAxmn Artur Axmann (Reich Youth Leader)
Algmn Allgerneine (General Service)
Baden Baden Gebiet (Baden HJ District)
BvSW Baldur von Schirach Wach (Baldur von Schirach Watchguard; Nazi district leader of Vienna and pre-war Reich Youth Leader)
Danzig Danzig Gebiet (Danzig HJ District)
Frnkn Franken Gebiet (Franconia HJ District)
Hmbrg Hamburg Gebiet (Hamburg HJ District)
Khssn Kurhessen Gebiet (Grand Hesse HJ District)
HJ Hitlerjugend (Hitler Youth)
Marine Marinekadett (Naval Cadet)
MarkBr Mark Brandenburg Gebiet (Brandenburg March HJ District)
ME Mittelelbe Gebiet (Central Elbe HJ District)
Mnchn Munchen Gebiet (Munich HJ District)
MtInd Mittelland Gebiet (Halle HJ District)
Ndonau Niederclonau Gebiet (Lower Danube HJ District)
NSchl Niederschlesien Gebiet (Lower Silesia HJ District)
Odonau Oberdonau Gebiet (Upper Danube HJ District)
OP Ostpreussen Gebiet (East Prussia HJ District)
Pomrn Pornmern Gebiet (Pommerania HJ District)
RJ Reichsjugend (Reich Youth)
SL Sudetenland Gebiet (special HJ District for Bohemian area annexed into Germany)
Wfln Westfalen Gebiet (Westphalia HJ District)