Wurzburg had been granted to Bavaria in 1803. Napoleon promoted it to an independent Grand Duchy in 1805, giving the title of Grand Duke to Ferdinand, the former Grand Duke of Tuscany. Wurzburg entered the Confederation of the Rhine on 30th September 1806. The contribution to the Peninsular War was a two-batallion infantry regiment and a regiment of Chevauxlegers.

When Wurzburg troops first entered the Peninsular War they wore Austrian style uniforms. The combed helmet with black crest had been introduced in 1798. Coats and breeches were white. Collars, cuffs and turnbacks were scarlet. Buttons were yellow metal. Red epaulettes for grenadiers and green for voltigeurs had been adopted on entry to the Confederation of the Rhine.

From about 1809 the unit adopted a progressively more French uniform. The helmet gave way to a shako of French pattern. This had brass chin scales and a bras lozenge plate surmounted by a crown and bearing the initial V. Grenadiers had red plumes and cords, voltigeurs green tipped yellow plumes and green cords, and fusiliers had white pompoms and plumes and no cords.

The coat was now of a French cut. It was white with scarlet collar, cuffs and lapels. Cuff slashes were white with scarlet piping. Turnback piping was scarlet. Grenadiers wore red epaulettes and grenade badges on turnbacks. Voltigeurs had gree epaulettes with yellow crescents and hunting horn devices on their turnbacks. Waistcoats and trousers were white, gaiters black.

Equipment was standard French issue towards the end of the war, including cow-hide knapsack and grey blanket roll. Officers wore gold sashes with interwoven red and blue lines. The cockade was (from outwards in) yellow, red and blue.