The only army for which some published information can be found is that belonging to Piedmont. There is an old (and difficult to fins) work by C A Gerbaix de Sonnaz BANDIERE, STENDARDI e VESSILLI DI CASA SAVOIA, DAI CONTI DI MORIANA Al RE WITALIA, 1200-1861 published in 1911. Recently Enrico Richiardi has had ublished a series of articles on Piedmontese flags of the CJth & C18th in STUDI PIENONTESI, November 1988 and November 1989 that is worth consulting. The Rivista Militare (the official imprint of the Italian General Army Staff historical publications) has recently published two small books reproducing contemporary colour paintings about the Piedmontese army and its flag 1741-1757. [Available hopefully through Caliver Books shortly - Ed]

In general it can be said that at the end of the C17th Piedmontese infantry colours were blue with a central white cross (gradually replaced by a red standard with a white cross) for the Colonel's company. Many regiments added regimental arms, generally on the right hand upper corner, or the left lower one, and had a more or less elaborate border all round the central cross.

Swiss units had standards with a white central cross and multicolour 'flames' surrounding it, similar to those of Swiss units in French service.

Spanish (to a certain exent) and French and allied flags of this period are dealt with in P Foure's TROPHEES DE LA GUERRE DE SUCCESSION WESPAGNE 1700-1713. Also P Charrie's DRAPEAUX ET ETENDARDS DU ROI deals extensively with the C17th & C18th.

Spanish flags up to the end of the Hapsburg dynasty (1700) all bore, without exception, the red cross of Burgundy. This was generally over a geometrical pattern of various designs (with blue, white, green and yellow prevailing). However, the Royal standard was white with the Royal arms in the centre.

Following the accession to the Spanish throne of Philip V (Bourbon, nephew of Louis XIVTH of France) it was decreed, in 1702, that all infantry clours were to be white, the Royal standard (generally carried by the Colonel's company) to have the Royal arms in the centre. All other companies were to have the red Burgundian cross overall, with the arms of of province or town from where the unit was recruited either on the four ends of the cross or in the centre. Special units, like the Spanish or Walloon Guards, the Bodyguards, the Horse Carabiniers, the Horse Grenadiers and the Artillery regiment carried flags of different colours (crimson, red or blue).